Read the following passage about future cities and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

Cities have always been designed to improve people's lives. In history, great thinkers like Plato and Leonardo da Vinci imagined ideal urban spaces where people could live in harmony. In the 20th century, architects such as Le Corbusier introduced new city models that focused on organization and efficiency. His ideas (1) _______ and the need for better planning.

Today, cities are growing rapidly, and many urban problems must be solved. Overcrowding and pollution have been caused by population growth and climate change. (2) ______. To address these challenges, cities should adopt sustainable solutions. Cities should become greener and smarter. More parks and clean energy systems should be introduced to make urban areas healthier.

Many experts believe that technology will play a key role in the future of cities. Some cities, (3) _______, show how innovation can improve transportation and safety. However, technology alone is not enough. People need social spaces, good jobs, and strong communities to create a better quality of life.

Cities are complex, and they must be carefully planned. (4) ______. Some cities grow too fast. Others lack basic services. Future cities should be sustainable, but they should also be inclusive. If we want cities to be better, we must work together to create livable spaces for future generations, (5) _______ while addressing economic and social inequalities.

(Adapted from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016328724001745)

Question 1.

        A. influenced modern city planners to urbanize rapidly

        B. has challenged the rapid urbanization to shape modern cities

        C. which shaped many cities and influenced architects today

        D. were influenced by the challenges of rapid urbanization

Question 2.

        A. This led the traffic congestion, housing shortages to poor air quality.

        B. Traffic congestion and housing shortages lead to this poor air quality.

        C. This has led to traffic congestion, housing shortages, and poor air quality.

        D. Poor air quality in houses has led to the shortages in traffic congestion.

Question 3.

        A. which have already adopted smart technology

        B. whose the adoptation of smart technology

        C. which had a smart adoptation in technology

        D. of which the technological adoptation is smart

Question 4.

        A. Governments and planners must consider both environmental and social factors.

        B. Both environmentalist and governors are considering factors for planning

        C. Environmental and social factors must consider both governments and planners.

        D. Both social and environmental planners must consider factors in government

Question 5.

        A. which ensures urban priority is planning efficient transportation, affordable housing, and green infrastructure.

        B. to prioritize urban planning and to ensure that green infrastructure, public housing, and transportation are affordable.

        C. ensuring that urban planning prioritizes affordable housing, efficient public transportation, and green infrastructure.

        D. urban planning ensuring that prioritizes public transportation, affordable green infrastructure, and housing efficient.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 6 to 11.

The Evolution of Society

Society constantly changes due to a/an (6) ______ of factors, including social movements, political interests, and scientific progress. Meanwhile, new terms like civil society and postmodern society help describe these shifts.

The Rise of Multiculturalism

The concept of a multicultural society emerged in the 1970s, replacing (7) ______ perspectives on social structure.

(8) ______ this change, terms such as cultural identity and ethnicity have become central in discussions on diversity.

Shaping Perceptions

Some believe these changes (9) _____ reality, while others argue they shape how we see society. To better understand these ideas, sociologists (10) ______ the ways different communities interact.

Recognizing diversity helps build social (11) ______ and creates a more inclusive world! 🌏✨

(Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/multicultural-society)

Question 6.         A. level        B. number        C. amount        D. quality

Question 7.         A. others        B. the others        C. other        D. another

Question 8.         A. In lieu of        B. Irrespective of        C. On account of        D. Instead of

Question 9.         A. show        B. illustrate        C. express        D. reflect

Question 10.         A. take in        B. look up        C. make out        D. look into

Question 11.         A. class        B. reform        C. media        D. cohesion

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 17.

🌍 Act Now for a Sustainable Future! 🌱

Climate change is a (12) _____, fueled by human activities and rapidly rising temperatures. Misunderstood by many, its (13) _____ effects threaten ecosystems and human life.

📢 The mass media, playing an essential role, (14) _____ knowledge and encourages action. A well-informed society can drive real change!

💡 How can you help?

✅ Reducing excessive consumption (15) _____ energy

✅ Supporting strong climate policies

✅ Adopting environmentally friendly habits

(16) _____ by scientific discoveries, we must take urgent steps to protect our planet. Every action, no matter how small, contributes (17) _____ the negative impact on the environment. By working together, we can combat climate change and build a greener, more sustainable future for generations to come. 🌎 🌎

🔄 What goes around, comes around. Act responsibly!

(Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619328045)

Question 12.

        A. crisis environmental serious        B. serious environmental crisis

        C. environmental serious crisis        D. environmental crisis serious

Question 13.         A. devastated        B. devastating        C. devastatingly        D. devastation

Question 14.         A. applies        B. gains        C. acquires        D. spreads

Question 15.         A. in        B. for        C. about        D. of

Question 16.         A. When inspiring        B. Inspiring        C. Are inspired        D. Inspired

Question 17.         A. to reduce        B. to reducing        C. reduce        D. reducing

Read the following passage about new Learning Styles for a new generation and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 18 to 25.

The evolution of education has been shaped by social, cultural, and technological advancements. As societies adapt to these changes, schools and universities must revise their teaching methodologies to remain effective. Modern education requires institutions to assess complex problems, foster discussions, and develop critical thinking skills among students. Additionally, educators are now expected to take on roles as facilitators, guiding students in an interactive learning process rather than simply delivering knowledge.

With the integration of technology, both teachers and students must continuously update their skills. The expansion of digital tools in education has transformed the way students access and process information. While older generations of learners relied on traditional textbooks and lectures, younger generations prefer interactive models, such as virtual classrooms, online discussions, and multimedia resources. These changes foster an environment that promotes collaboration, innovation, and adaptability.

One of the biggest challenges in education today is bridging the generational gap between students. Generation X and Millennials tend to balance technology with traditional learning, whereas Generation Z is fully immersed in digital environments. This reliance on technology has improved access to education, but it has also created concerns about overdependence on digital tools and reduced attention spans. Educators must ensure that technology is used to enhance, rather than replace, fundamental learning skills.

Ultimately, education must remain flexible and inclusive, adapting to the needs of different generations. Schools and universities should focus on developing students' analytical abilities, digital literacy, and social skills, preparing them for a rapidly evolving job market. By combining traditional teaching strategies with modern technological innovations, educators can create a balanced approach that supports all learners in achieving academic and professional success.

(Adapted from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364034386_New_world_of_work_-_new_challenges)

Question 18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

        A. The role of digital tools in learning.

        B. The generational gap in education.

        C. The importance of critical thinking in modern education.

        D. The financial cost of technological advancements.

Question 19. The word "facilitators" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ______.

        A. enforcers        B. critics        C. mentors        D. supervisors

Question 20. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

"The expansion of digital tools in education has transformed the way students access and process information."

        A. The development of education has slowed down due to an overreliance on digital tools.

        B. The use of digital tools in education has remained unchanged in how students receive and analyze information.

        C. The growth of technology in education has changed how students find and understand information.

        D. Students today struggle more with information because digital tools have made learning harder.

Question 21. The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

        A. universities and colleges        B. digital platforms and media sources

        C. school administrators and staff        D. teachers and students

Question 22. The word "immersed" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ______.

        A. deeply engaged        B. slightly aware

        C. casually involved        D. passively observing

Question 23. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

        A. Traditional teaching methods are no longer useful in education.

        B. Technology has completely replaced traditional textbooks.

        C. Digital tools help improve student engagement and collaboration.

        D. Generation Z students avoid using technology in learning.