Vietnam's coffee industry has experienced remarkable growth over the past three decades, transforming from small local operations to a global powerhouse. What began as modest family farms has blossomed into the second-largest coffee exporter worldwide, with distinctive robusta beans that have put Vietnam on the map. Despite occasional market fluctuations that muddy the waters for farmers, Vietnamese coffee production continues to thrive through innovation and adaptation. The government's strategic investments in agricultural technology have enabled farmers to improve both yield and quality while maintaining competitive pricing in international markets.

[I] The journey from farm to cup involves multiple stakeholders working in harmony to ensure quality at every step. After harvesting, coffee cherries undergo meticulous processing before being transported to centralized facilities for grading and packaging. [II] Furthermore, local cooperatives have empowered small-scale farmers by providing access to better resources and collective bargaining power. [III] These organizations have been instrumental in helping rural communities weather economic uncertainties while preserving traditional farming methods that contribute to the coffee's unique flavor profile. [IV] 

Within ASEAN markets, Vietnamese coffee has carved out a significant presence due to its competitive pricing and consistent quality. Thailand and the Philippines represent particularly strong markets, where Vietnamese robusta beans are prized for their strong flavor and high caffeine content. Additionally, specialty coffee segments have emerged as Vietnamese farmers experiment with arabica varieties and sustainable farming practices. This diversification strategy has allowed the industry to tap into premium markets previously dominated by other producing nations. The establishment of direct trade relationships with regional buyers has further strengthened Vietnam's position in the ASEAN coffee landscape.

Poised at a critical juncture, the country’s coffee industry must address both the hurdles of a shifting climate and the prospects offered by changing market demands. Climate change poses a significant threat to traditional growing regions, prompting research into resilient varieties and adaptive farming techniques. Meanwhile, changing consumer preferences toward speciality and certified coffees present new avenues for growth and differentiation. As Vietnamese producers embrace sustainable practices and quality improvements, their position within ASEAN markets will likely strengthen further. The industry's ability to balance traditional knowledge with modern innovation will determine its long-term success in an increasingly competitive global marketplace.

Question 31: The phrase “muddy the waters” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _________.

1. break down                        B. mix up                        C. fall out                        D. hold back

Question 32: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?

This rigorous quality control system has earned Vietnamese coffee recognition throughout Southeast Asia.

1. [I]                                B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge for Vietnam's coffee industry?

1. Climate change
2. Changing consumer preferences
3. Balancing traditional knowledge with innovation
4. Labor shortages

Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

1. Vietnamese coffee dominates ASEAN markets through aggressive pricing strategies and traditional farming methods.
2. Thailand and Philippines have become the primary importers of Vietnamese coffee due to their preference for high caffeine.
3. Vietnamese coffee has gained prominence in ASEAN through competitive pricing, quality, and strategic diversification.
4. Direct trade relationships have replaced traditional distribution channels for Vietnamese coffee throughout Southeast Asia.

Question 35: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

1. Vietnamese robusta beans
2. Thailand and the Philippines
3. Strong markets
4. Vietnamese farmers

Question 36: The word “segments” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. sections                        B. categories                        C. wholes                        D. divisions

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Vietnamese coffee producers' market standing in ASEAN will probably improve as they adopt eco-friendly methods and enhance product quality.
2. ASEAN markets will require Vietnamese producers to implement sustainable practices before allowing them to strengthen their position.
3. The adoption of sustainable practices by Vietnamese producers will completely transform their current standing within ASEAN markets.
4. Vietnamese producers must balance quality improvements with sustainable practices to maintain their existing position in ASEAN markets.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Vietnam has surpassed all other nations to become the world's largest coffee exporter in recent years.
2. Local cooperatives have completely replaced traditional farming methods with modern industrial techniques.
3. Vietnamese coffee is primarily sold to European markets due to its distinctive flavor profile and high quality.
4. Climate change represents a significant challenge that threatens traditional coffee-growing regions in Vietnam.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

1. Vietnamese coffee farmers are gradually abandoning robusta beans in favor of exclusively growing arabica varieties.
2. The combination of traditional knowledge and modern techniques will be crucial for the future success of Vietnam's coffee industry.
3. Direct trade relationships with regional buyers have eliminated the need for centralized processing facilities in Vietnam's coffee sector.
4. Government investments in agricultural technology have primarily benefited large corporate farms rather than small-scale producers.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Vietnam's higher education system has undergone significant transformation over the past decade. The Ministry of Education and Training has implemented comprehensive reforms aimed at aligning Vietnamese universities with ASEAN standards. These reforms encompass curriculum development, faculty qualifications, and research capabilities. The primary objective is to enhance the quality of education while fostering regional academic integration and preparing graduates for increasingly competitive global markets.

One notable aspect of these reforms is the introduction of international accreditation processes. Vietnamese universities are now encouraged to seek recognition from regional accreditation bodies, which evaluate educational quality based on standardized criteria. This initiative has prompted institutions to revamp their administrative structures and teaching methodologies. Furthermore, the government has allocated substantial funding to modernize facilities and expand digital resources, which students can access remotely. These investments reflect Vietnam's determination to elevate its educational institutions to international standards.

The internationalization of higher education represents another crucial dimension of Vietnam's educational strategy. Universities have established numerous exchange programs with ASEAN partners, enabling Vietnamese students to gain valuable cross-cultural experiences. Additionally, English language proficiency has become a graduation requirement at many institutions, preparing graduates for the regional job market. This emphasis on language skills has facilitated greater academic mobility within Southeast Asia. Many universities now offer dual-degree programs and collaborative research opportunities with regional counterparts, further strengthening educational ties.

Despite these advancements, challenges persist in fully integrating Vietnam's higher education with ASEAN standards. Resource disparities between urban and rural institutions remain a significant obstacle. Moreover, traditional teaching methods sometimes conflict with the student-centered approaches promoted by regional frameworks. Nevertheless, Vietnam's commitment to educational reform demonstrates its dedication to developing a knowledge-based economy. As these initiatives continue to evolve, Vietnamese graduates will likely become increasingly competitive in the ASEAN economic community, contributing to the nation's sustainable development and regional influence.

Question 23: According to the passage, all of the following are part of Vietnam's higher education reforms EXCEPT?

1. Faculty qualification improvements
2. Mandatory Vietnamese language courses for foreign students
3. Curriculum development
4. Research capability enhancement

Question 24: The word “faculty” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. students                        B. professors                        C. instructors                        D. teachers

Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

1. accreditation bodies        B. reforms                        C. standards                        D. institutions

Question 26: The word “proficiency” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

1. knowledge                        B. competence                        C. interest                        D. productivity

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Vietnam's educational changes are primarily focused on regional economic integration rather than knowledge development.
2. Vietnam's reforms in education show it values tradition while adapting slowly to international economic demands.
3. Vietnam's devotion to improving education reveals its aim to build an economy centered on knowledge and expertise.
4. Vietnam's educational system changes reflect concerns about losing cultural identity in global economic competition.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Vietnamese universities are seeking recognition from regional accreditation bodies to improve educational quality.
2. Vietnam has completely resolved all challenges in aligning its higher education with ASEAN educational standards.
3. English language proficiency is now mandatory for all Vietnamese students regardless of their field of study.
4. Rural educational institutions receive equal government funding compared to their urban counterparts in Vietnam.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention international accreditation processes?

1. Paragraph 3                B. Paragraph 1                        C. Paragraph 2                D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer discuss the internationalization of higher education?

Vietnam has emerged as a regional leader in circular economy initiatives, transforming how resources are managed across Southeast Asia. The country's innovative waste management systems have been widely adopted by neighboring nations, helping address critical environmental challenges throughout the region. If proper investment had been made earlier, many of the current pollution problems would have been prevented, (18)_________. Plastic waste, which once littered Vietnam's beautiful coastlines, is now being collected and repurposed into valuable products through community-based recycling programs that employ thousands of local workers. The government has implemented strict regulations on single-use plastics, while businesses (19)_________. Local entrepreneurs are creating innovative solutions to environmental problems, and international organizations are providing technical support to scale these initiatives across the ASEAN region with remarkable success. Vietnam has recognized the economic benefits of sustainable practices, (20)_________. The transition to a circular economy not only addresses environmental concerns but also creates new job opportunities in green industries. Vietnam's commitment to sustainability serves as an inspiring model, (21)_________. By 2030, Vietnam aims to reduce waste generation by 30 percent while increasing recycling rates to over 50 percent through continued innovation and cross-sector collaboration with both public and private stakeholders. Educational programs in schools and universities further support these sustainability goals by fostering environmental awareness among younger generations (22)_________.

Question 18:

1. but Vietnam is now making significant progress through comprehensive policies and public engagement
2. so Vietnam has abandoned environmental initiatives due to economic growth priorities
3. and Vietnam continues to struggle with implementing effective waste management systems
4. therefore Vietnam remains dependent on fossil fuels despite international pressure to change

Question 19:

1. having abandoned research efforts due to financial constraints and market pressures
2. that rejected sustainable approaches in favor of cheaper manufacturing processes

C. which focusing on traditional methods despite increasing concerns about environmental impacts

D. are developing biodegradable alternatives to meet growing consumer demand for sustainable products

Question 20:

1. and what concerns them is limiting regional influence across developing Southeast Asian nations

B. and this is why it continues to strengthen regional partnerships throughout Southeast Asia

C. and that is why it refuses to participate in regional agreements throughout Southeast Asia

D. and whoever opposes these regional partnerships undermines stability throughout Southeast Asia

Question 21:

1. but most developing nations reject these solutions due to their high implementation costs
2. so developing countries must prioritize economic growth over environmental sustainability

3. and other developing nations facing similar challenges can learn from it in our carbon-constrained world
4. yet developing regions continue to rely on outdated technologies despite global warming concerns

Question 22:

1. had ultimately rejected these critical environmental policies since they developed economic concerns

B. whom are ultimately ignoring these critical environmental warnings while they will develop new industries

3. will ultimately abandoned these critical environmental initiatives after they had developed financial problems

D. who will ultimately inherit these critical environmental responsibilities and must develop sustainable solutions

Question 13:
1.    Mai: Guess what? I made a cloud out of soap bubbles today!
2.    Mai: Almost! But then my cat jumped and popped it.
3.    Tuan: Really? Did it float away?
1.    b-c-a                        B. a-c-b                        C. c-a-b                        D. b-a-c
Question 14:
1.    Ben: That’s a fun idea, but what if no one finds it?
2.    Anna: Let’s get some tomorrow, and we can send our balloons together — each with a different color!
3.    Anna: I put a message in a balloon and let it go because I wanted a new friend.
4.    Anna: Maybe, but if someone does, they can write back, and we can be pen pals!
5.    Ben: I want to try too, but I don’t have a balloon right now.
1.    d-a-e-c-b                        B. a-c-b-e-d                        C. c-a-d-e-b                        D. b-a-d-e-c
Question 15:
Dear Dr. Nguyen,
1.    Although we are small, we have good equipment that can support your work.
2.    I am writing because our team wants to join your ASEAN science project. We have studied rice farming, which could help food security.
3.    We were impressed when we saw your presentation at the Hanoi conference.
4.    We believe that when scientists work together, we can solve bigger problems. Please let me know if you are interested.
5.    If you agree, we can meet online next week to discuss details. Since funding is limited, we should plan carefully.
Sincerely,
M.A LK
1.    d-a-b-c-e                        B. c-a-e-b-d                        C. b-c-a-e-d                        D. a-b-e-c-d
Question 16:
1.    Schools teach children about disaster safety through simple drills, so students know how to help themselves and others when emergencies happen.
2.    Scientists study climate patterns to predict dangerous storms, and farmers use this information to protect crops before floods arrive.
3.    Local officials learn safety methods at the ASEAN center, then teach families how to prepare emergency kits and find safe shelters.
4.    Thai and Vietnamese experts exchange weather information and send rescue teams when disasters strike, which saves many lives each year.
5.    Vietnam faces many floods, so it works with ASEAN neighbors to protect villages and share resources during emergencies.
1.    d-b-e-c-a                        B. e-d-c-b-a                        C. c-d-b-e-a                        D. b-e-c-d-a
Question 17:
1.    Vietnamese media includes newspapers, television, and growing online platforms that reach millions of people across the country.
2.    The government promotes responsible reporting while working with ASEAN partners to share cultural programs and educational content.
3.    Social media use is increasing rapidly, allowing citizens to discuss local issues and connect with people from other ASEAN nations.
4.    Journalists receive training about reporting accurately on important topics like health, education, and regional cooperation.
5.    Vietnam hosts media forums with other ASEAN countries to discuss common challenges and improve information sharing across borders.
1.    a-b-c-d-e                        B. a-e-d-b-c                        C. a-c-d-e-b                        D. a-d-b-c-e

Discover Vietnam: ASEAN's Hidden Gem

• Vietnam offers breathtaking landscapes and pristine beaches that other Southeast Asian destinations cannot match in authenticity. Tourists can (7)_________ the magnificent terraced rice fields while sampling authentic local cuisine from street vendors.
• The legendary (8)_________ of Vietnamese people creates unforgettable experiences for all international visitors throughout their journey.  (9)_________ cultural heritage preservation efforts, Vietnam boasts centuries-old traditions and colorful festivals celebrated nationwide.
• The remarkable biodiversity within Vietnam's extensive national parks attracts nature enthusiasts and wildlife (10)_________ year-round from worldwide locations. (11)_________ of spectacular UNESCO heritage sites can be found throughout the mountainous and coastal country. The northern mountainous regions offer thrilling adventure activities, while (12)_________ parts provide peaceful coastal relaxation and culinary delights.

Question 7:A. look at                        B. gaze upon                C. pass through                D. take in

Question 8:A. hospitality                B. friendliness                C. generosity                        D. kindness

Question 9:A. In case of                B. In relation to        C. In line with                        D. On account of

Question 10:A. researchers                B. observers                C. photographers                D. enthusiasts

Question 11:A. Dozens                B. Several                C. Plenty                        D. Hundreds

Question 12:A. others                B. another                C. other                        D. the other

Bridging Cultures: Vietnam's Unique Role in Shaping ASEAN's Future

• Vietnam confidently and enthusiastically welcomes international delegates to experience our vibrant heritage. The innovative cultural exchanges between nations have strengthened (1)_________ bonds significantly. The (2)_________ patterns inspire modern ASEAN economic integration strategies.
• Vietnam, once considered the black (3)_________ of Southeast Asian diplomatic circles, has transformed into a key regional player. The comprehensive policies implemented by our forward-thinking government funnel transformative economic opportunities (4)_________ disadvantaged local communities.
• Leaders (5)_________ diverse Southeast Asian nations enthusiastically collaborate to address shared environmental challenges. (6)_________ ASEAN economic integration through innovative partnerships remains Vietnam's primary diplomatic objective through 2030 and beyond.

Question 1:A. regionify                 B. region                C. regionally                         D. regional

Question 2:A. ancient architecture temple                        B. ancient temple architecture

               C. temple architecture ancient                        D. architecture ancient temple

Question 3:A. dog                        B. sheep                C. cat                                C. chicken

Question 4:A. about                        B. for                        C. to                                D. on

Question 5:A. representing                B. was represented        C. which represented                    D. has represented

Question 6:A. Strengthen                B. To strengthening        C. Strengthening                D. To strengthen

Vietnam has made remarkable strides in aligning its national development strategies with ASEAN's collective vision. To rub salt in the wound of critics who doubted Vietnam's commitment, the country has consistently outperformed regional expectations in several key sustainability metrics. Since joining ASEAN in 1995, Vietnam has transformed from one of the region's poorest nations into a middle-income country with impressive growth rates and poverty reduction achievements. This progress demonstrates Vietnam's dedication to the shared goals of economic integration, social responsibility, and environmental protection that form the cornerstone of ASEAN's development framework.

The Vietnamese government has implemented comprehensive policies that directly support sustainable development goals. These initiatives focus on green growth, renewable energy adoption, and climate change resilience—priorities that mirror ASEAN's Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint 2025. Vietnam's National Green Growth Strategy exemplifies this alignment, targeting reduced carbon emissions while promoting sustainable infrastructure development. Additionally, Vietnam has established special economic zones that attract foreign investment while maintaining strict environmental regulations. These coordinated efforts highlight Vietnam's practical approach to balancing economic advancement with ecological preservation.

Vietnam faces significant challenges in its sustainability journey despite notable progress. [I] Environmental degradation, particularly in urban areas and industrial zones, threatens to undermine development gains. [II] Rising sea levels pose an existential threat to the Mekong Delta, Vietnam's agricultural heartland, which produces nearly 90% of the country's rice exports. Furthermore, income inequality between urban and rural populations remains substantial. [III] Vietnam has responded by enhancing cross-border cooperation with fellow ASEAN members on water resource management, disaster preparedness, and knowledge exchange programs. [IV] 

The next phase of Vietnam's sustainability evolution demands innovative approaches beyond conventional development paradigms. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain offer unprecedented opportunities to monitor environmental compliance and optimize resource allocation. Vietnam's ambitious pledge to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 necessitates fundamental economic restructuring and deeper institutional reforms. Success will hinge on Vietnam's capacity to forge strategic public-private partnerships while effectively leveraging international support mechanisms. As ASEAN pursues greater economic integration, Vietnam's experience provides valuable insights about maintaining the delicate balance between rapid development and environmental stewardship—a critical equilibrium all developing nations must achieve for truly sustainable growth.

Question 31: The phrase “rub salt in the wound” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _________.

1. break down                        B. pick up                        C. get over                        D. make worse

Question 32: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge Vietnam faces in its sustainability journey?

1. Political instability
2. Environmental degradation
3. Rising sea levels
4. Income inequality

Question 33: The word “These” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

1. Sustainable development goals
2. National strategies
3. Comprehensive policies
4. ASEAN members

Question 34: The word “exemplifies” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. demonstrates                B. contradicts                        C. illustrates                        D. represents

Question 35: Where in paragraph 3 does the following sentence best fit?

These collaborative initiatives demonstrate how regional integration strengthens individual nations' capacity to address complex sustainability challenges.

1. [I]                                B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 36: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

1. Vietnam addresses sustainability challenges through regional cooperation despite environmental threats and socioeconomic inequality
2. Vietnam produces ninety percent of its rice exports from the Mekong Delta region facing serious environmental degradation issues
3. Environmental degradation in Vietnam's urban areas necessitates immediate government intervention to prevent economic collapse
4. ASEAN member states have established collaborative programs focusing primarily on Vietnam's agricultural sustainability needs

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Vietnam must enforce strict regulations on private companies while seeking foreign investment to achieve its sustainability goals.
2. International organizations should provide more financial assistance to Vietnam for implementing its carbon neutrality initiatives.
3. Vietnam's development strategy requires cooperation with neighboring countries to establish effective environmental policies.
4. Vietnam's achievements will depend on building key business alliances while making effective use of global support resources.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Vietnam achieved carbon neutrality ahead of schedule through innovative blockchain applications in environmental monitoring.
2. Vietnam has transformed from one of the region's poorest nations into a middle-income country since joining ASEAN in 1995.
3. The Mekong Delta produces all of Vietnam's agricultural exports while facing minimal environmental threats from climate change.
4. ASEAN's development framework prioritizes rapid industrialization over ecological conservation in its member nations' policies.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

1. Vietnam's sustainability approach could serve as a model for other developing nations seeking balanced economic and environmental progress.
2. Critics of Vietnam's development policies have acknowledged their errors as the country achieved unprecedented carbon reduction targets.
3. Vietnam has sacrificed short-term economic gains in favor of long-term environmental protection since joining ASEAN twenty years ago.
4. The Mekong Delta region will eventually relocate its agricultural production to higher elevations due to inevitable climate change impacts.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Vietnam has transformed itself from a food-insecure nation into one of Southeast Asia's leading agricultural exporters over the past three decades. This remarkable journey demonstrates the country's resilience and strategic vision in developing its agricultural sector. From rice fields spanning the Mekong Delta to coffee plantations in the Central Highlands, Vietnam's agricultural landscape has become increasingly diverse and productive, enabling it to supply essential food commodities to neighboring countries.

Rice remains Vietnam's flagship export, accounting for approximately 15% of the country's total agricultural export value. The fertile Mekong Delta, often called Vietnam's "rice bowl," produces three harvests annually, yielding over 24 million tons of rice. This abundant production allows Vietnam to maintain its position as the second-largest rice exporter globally, behind only Thailand. Beyond rice, Vietnam has successfully developed other key exports, including coffee, pepper, cashews, and tropical fruits, which have gained popularity in markets across Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines due to their competitive pricing and consistent quality.

The government's agricultural modernization initiatives have been instrumental in boosting export capacity. By implementing advanced farming techniques and supporting research on climate-resistant crop varieties, Vietnam has significantly enhanced agricultural productivity. These improvements have enabled farmers to overcome challenges posed by changing weather patterns and environmental degradation. Additionally, bilateral trade agreements with other ASEAN members have reduced tariffs and simplified export procedures, facilitating easier access to regional markets for Vietnamese agricultural products and creating a stable source of income for rural communities.

As Vietnam charts its agricultural future, sustainability and innovation stand at the forefront of its development strategy. The nation is progressively transitioning from mass production toward higher-quality, environmentally conscious agricultural practices to meet evolving consumer preferences across the region. This strategic pivot encompasses expanded investment in organic farming, cutting-edge technological applications, and enhanced quality assurance systems. Should Vietnam maintain this trajectory, its agricultural sector will not only capture greater market share within ASEAN but also establish a model for ecological responsibility, cementing the country's status as an essential food provider to Southeast Asian nations for generations to come.

Question 23: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a Vietnamese agricultural export?

1. Rice                        B. Coffee                        C. Cashews                        D. Sugarcane

Question 24: The word “commodities” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. products                        B. goods                        C. exports                        D. luxuries

Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

1. Vietnamese agricultural exports
2. Markets across Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines
3. Coffee, pepper, cashews, and tropical fruits
4. Vietnam's farmers

Question 26: The word “bilateral” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

1. global                        B. multiple                        C. mutual                        D. cooperative

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Vietnam is rapidly replacing traditional farming methods with technological innovations to increase agricultural output across Southeast Asian markets.
2. Vietnam is gradually reducing its agricultural production while focusing on premium goods that satisfy changing tastes of regional consumers.
3. Vietnam is slowly shifting from quantity-focused agriculture to eco-friendly, superior products that align with changing regional market demands.
4. Vietnam is deliberately abandoning mass production techniques in favor of sustainable practices required by international trading regulations.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Vietnam has completely abandoned rice farming in favor of more profitable coffee and tropical fruit exports to neighboring countries.
2. Vietnam currently ranks as the second-largest global rice exporter, with the Mekong Delta producing three rice harvests annually.
3. The Vietnamese government has mandated that all farmers must transition to organic farming methods within the next five years.
4. Vietnam's agricultural exports have declined in recent years due to increasing competition from other ASEAN member nations.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention Vietnam's transformation into a major agricultural exporter?

1. Paragraph 3                B. Paragraph 1                        C. Paragraph 4                D. Paragraph 2

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention the impact of government initiatives and trade agreements on agricultural exports?

Vietnam's strategic infrastructure initiatives have significantly transformed the nation's connectivity within ASEAN. Since joining the regional bloc in 1995, the country has prioritized developing major transportation networks that link its bustling urban centers with neighboring countries. The North-South Expressway, (18)_________, remains one of Vietnam's most ambitious domestic projects to date, while also serving as a crucial segment of the greater ASEAN Highway Network.

Had the global financial crisis not occurred in 2008, many of these infrastructure projects would have been completed much earlier. Vietnam's deep-water ports, which are currently handling increasing volumes of regional trade, (19)_________. The government has implemented numerous policies to attract foreign investment for infrastructure development and to strengthen economic ties with other ASEAN members.

(20)_________. Working diligently to improve its transportation networks and embracing digital transformation simultaneously, Vietnam has positioned itself as a vital link in the regional supply chain. That Vietnam faced significant infrastructure challenges just two decades ago is undeniable, (21)_________.

The East-West Economic Corridor, connecting Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, represents a landmark achievement in regional cooperation that has substantially reduced transportation costs and time for goods moving across mainland Southeast Asia. (22)_________. These strategic projects not only boost economic growth but also strengthen diplomatic relationships throughout Southeast Asia.

Question 18:

1. where it had prevented efficient transportation between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
2. will be restricting access between the isolated regions of northern and southern Vietnam

C. which spans over 2,000 kilometers connecting Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City

D. purpose divides rather than connects the major urban centers across Vietnam

Question 19:

1. having previously declined in quality despite attempts at modernization
2. that remains underdeveloped with outdated facilities and limited capacity

C. which operates efficiently despite lacking modern infrastructure and sufficient capacity

4. have been substantially upgraded with modern facilities and expanded capacity

Question 20:

1. Vietnam's economic struggles persisting despite infrastructure investments have limited regional trade partnerships significantly

B. Vietnam's integration efforts encompassing infrastructure have created unprecedented cross-border commerce opportunities

C. Vietnam's diplomatic tensions regarding infrastructure have hindered cross-border commerce development and regional cooperation

D. Vietnam's infrastructure remains underdeveloped; consequently, cross-border commerce opportunities have decreased substantially

Question 21:

1. what prevents its recognition as a viable model for sustainable development within Southeast Asia entirely

B. which makes its emergence as a model for balanced development within Southeast Asia even more remarkable

C. that its decline represents a cautionary example for unbalanced growth within Southeast Asia increasingly

D. whether its approach could undermine regional cooperation models throughout Southeast Asia significantly

Question 22:

Question 13:

1. Emma: Oh no! So… Was it a dessert or a disaster?
2. Liam: I tried to cook spaghetti last night, but I accidentally used sugar instead of salt.
3. Liam: Let’s just say my dog loved it more than I did.

1. c-b-a                        B. a-b-c                        C. b-a-c                        D. b-c-a

Question 14:

1. Mia: I stayed up because I was watching a documentary about space, and it was amazing.
2. Mia: Same here! I watch it for fun, even if I don’t get every detail.Jake: That happens to me, too, when I go to bed late.
3. Mia: I wanted to wake up early this morning, but I hit the snooze button three times.
4. Jake: I love space, although I don’t understand all the science behind it.
5. Jake: That happens to me, too, when I go to bed late.

1. c-e-a-d-b                        B. e-a-c-d-b                        C. c-b-a-d-e                        D. b-a-d-e-c

Question 15:

Dear Mai,

1. If possible, I would like to visit your office where experts are working on these strategies that connect our country with neighbors.
2. I am writing because Vietnam's energy plan with ASEAN is important. Although we need more electricity, we must protect our environment too.
3. When ASEAN leaders meet next month, they will discuss energy cooperation that benefits all countries. Vietnam has signed agreements that support renewable energy development.
4. Please let me know if you can help, as I need to complete my assignment soon.
5. Since you work at the ministry, could you send me information about solar power projects? My university professor wants us to study this topic, which seems interesting.

Best regards,

LK

1. e-d-c-a-b                        B. b-e-c-a-d                        C. c-a-b-e-d                        D. a-c-e-b-d

Question 16:

1. As ASEAN integration deepens, Vietnam's handicraft sector continues to benefit from regional cooperation programs that facilitate cross-border learning and market access, which strengthens cultural bonds while sustaining valuable traditions.
2. When Vietnamese craftspeople participate in ASEAN cultural exchanges, they showcase intricate bamboo weaving and ceramics that tell stories of rural life, which creates meaningful connections with neighboring countries.
3. Lacquerware, which requires meticulous application of multiple layers and polishing, has become one of Vietnam's most recognized handicrafts abroad because its distinctive designs captivate international audiences.
4. Vietnam's handicraft traditions represent a vibrant cultural heritage that has evolved over centuries, although many traditional techniques face challenges in modern markets.
5. Despite modernization pressures, government programs and tourism initiatives have been implemented to support artisans who maintain cultural authenticity while adapting to contemporary tastes.

1. e-b-c-d-a                        B. c-a-d-b-a                        C. b-e-d-c-a                        D. d-b-c-e-a

Question 17:

1. Vietnam's peacekeeping missions have significantly strengthened regional security efforts while also enhancing the country's diplomatic position within ASEAN frameworks.
2. Vietnam has actively participated in joint military exercises with ASEAN partners, where troops train together to address transnational threats such as terrorism and natural disasters.
3. The country's strategic position in Southeast Asia makes its stability efforts particularly valuable because Vietnam understands the complex regional dynamics that impact security throughout the region.
4. Through consistent peacekeeping contributions and diplomatic engagement, Vietnam has helped establish more effective regional conflict resolution mechanisms, which promote stability and development throughout Southeast Asia.
5. Since joining United Nations peacekeeping operations in 2014, Vietnamese military medical teams and engineering units have provided crucial humanitarian assistance in conflict zones, which demonstrates the nation's commitment to global peace.