UNIT 4 - ASEAN and Vietnam - HS
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UNIT 4 - ASEAN and Vietnam

I. VOCABULARY

STT

Word

Type

Pronunciation

Meaning

1

ASEAN

noun

/ˈɑːsiæn/

Hiệp hội các quốc gia Đông Nam Á

2

bloc

noun

/blɒk/

khối (các quốc gia)

3

founding member

noun

/ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈmembə(r)/

thành viên sáng lập

4

economic growth

noun

/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ɡrəʊθ/

tăng trưởng kinh tế

5

political stability

noun

/pəˈlɪtɪkl stəˈbɪləti/

sự ổn định chính trị

6

sustainable development

noun

/səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/

phát triển bền vững

7

mutual respect

noun

/ˈmjuːtʃuəl rɪˈspekt/

sự tôn trọng lẫn nhau

8

diversity

noun

/daɪˈvɜːsəti/

sự đa dạng

9

solidarity

noun

/ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/

sự đoàn kết

10

cohesion

noun

/kəʊˈhiːʒn/

sự gắn kết

11

identity

noun

/aɪˈdentəti/

bản sắc

12

harmony

noun

/ˈhɑːməni/

sự hài hòa

13

integration

noun

/ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/

sự hội nhập

14

vision

noun

/ˈvɪʒn/

tầm nhìn

15

charter

noun

/ˈtʃɑːtə(r)/

hiến chương

16

initiative

noun

/ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

sáng kiến

17

framework

noun

/ˈfreɪmwɜːk/

khuôn khổ

18

motto

noun

/ˈmɒtəʊ/

phương châm

19

pillar

noun

/ˈpɪlə(r)/

trụ cột

20

disaster management

noun

/dɪˈzɑːstə ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

quản lý thiên tai

21

human resources development

noun

/ˈhjuːmən rɪˈsɔːsɪz dɪˈveləpmənt/

phát triển nguồn nhân lực

22

cultural heritage

noun

/ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈherɪtɪdʒ/

di sản văn hóa

23

mechanism

noun

/ˈmekənɪzəm/

cơ chế

24

summit

noun

/ˈsʌmɪt/

hội nghị thượng đỉnh

25

foster

verb

/ˈfɒstə(r)/

thúc đẩy

26

promote

verb

/prəˈməʊt/

thúc đẩy, khuyến khích

27

enhance

verb

/ɪnˈhɑːns/

nâng cao

28

address

verb

/əˈdres/

giải quyết

29

cooperate

verb

/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/

hợp tác

30

coordinate

verb

/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt/

phối hợp

31

respectful

adjective

/rɪˈspektfl/

tôn trọng

32

intergovernmental

adjective

/ˌɪntəˌɡʌvənˈmentl/

liên chính phủ

33

peaceful

adjective

/ˈpiːsfl/

hòa bình

34

prosperous

adjective

/ˈprɒspərəs/

thịnh vượng

35

resilient

adjective

/rɪˈzɪliənt/

có khả năng phục hồi

36

inclusive

adjective

/ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

mang tính bao trùm

37

disaster relief

noun

/dɪˈzɑːstə rɪˈliːf/

cứu trợ thiên tai

38

celebrate

verb

/ˈselɪbreɪt/

kỷ niệm

39

region

noun

/ˈriːdʒən/

khu vực

40

maintain

verb

/meɪnˈteɪn/

duy trì

41

security

noun

/sɪˈkjʊərəti/

an ninh

42

declaration

noun

/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/

tuyên bố

43

principle

noun

/ˈprɪnsəpl/

nguyên tắc

44

treaty

noun

/ˈtriːti/

hiệp ước

45

forum

noun

/ˈfɔːrəm/

diễn đàn

46

ancestor

noun

/ˈænˌsɛstər/

tổ tiên

47

apply for

phrasal verb

/əˈplaɪ fɔːr/

nộp đơn xin

48

arrangement

noun

/əˈreɪndʒmənt/

sự sắp xếp

49

bring together

phrasal verb

/brɪŋ təˈɡeðər/

kết hợp, tụ tập

50

climate change

noun

/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/

biến đổi khí hậu

51

conference

noun

/ˈkɒnfərəns/

hội nghị

52

contribute (to)

verb

/kənˈtrɪbjuːt tuː/

đóng góp

53

contribution

noun

/ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃən/

sự đóng góp

54

cultural exchange

noun

/ˈkʌltʃərəl ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

trao đổi văn hóa

55

current issue

noun

/ˈkɜːrənt ˈɪʃuː/

vấn đề hiện tại

56

depend on

phrasal verb

/dɪˈpɛnd ɒn/

phụ thuộc

57

development

noun

/dɪˈvɛləpmənt/

phát triển

58

disability

noun

/dɪsəˈbɪləti/

khuyết tật

59

discuss

verb

/dɪˈskʌs/

thảo luận

60

experience

noun/verb

/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/

kinh nghiệm

61

eye-opening

adjective

/ˈaɪˌoʊpənɪŋ/

mở mang tầm mắt

62

gender equality

noun

/ˈdʒɛndər ɪˈkwɒlɪti/

bình đẳng giới

63

interview

noun/verb

/ˈɪntərˌvjuː/

phỏng vấn

64

issue

noun

/ˈɪʃuː/

vấn đề

65

keen on

phrase

/kiːn ɒn/

say mê

66

leadership skills

noun

/ˈliːdərʃɪp skɪlz/

kỹ năng lãnh đạo

67

make friends

phrase

/meɪk frɛnds/

kết bạn

68

make sure

phrase

/meɪk ʃʊr/

đảm bảo

69

participate

verb

/pɑːrˈtɪsɪˌpeɪt/

tham gia

70

problem-solving skills

noun

/ˈprɑːbləmˌsɑːlvɪŋ skɪlz/

kỹ năng giải quyết vấn đề

71

propose

verb

/prəˈpoʊz/

đề xuất

72

put out a call

phrase

/pʊt aʊt ə kɔːl/

gửi thông báo

73

qualified

adjective

/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/

đủ năng lực

74

raise awareness of

phrase

/reɪz əˈwɛrˌnɛs ʌv/

nâng cao nhận thức

75

relations

noun

/rɪˈleɪʃənz/

mối quan hệ

76

represent

verb

/ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

đại diện

77

representative

noun/adj

/ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv/

người đại diện

78

scholarship

noun

/ˈskɒlərʃɪp/

học bổng

79

take part

phrasal verb

/teɪk pɑːrt/

tham gia

80

take place

phrase

/teɪk pleɪs/

diễn ra

81

theme

noun

/θiːm/

chủ đề

82

unforgettable

adjective

/ˌʌnfərˈɡɛtəbl/

không thể quên

83

volunteer

noun/verb

/ˌvɒlənˈtɪr/

tình nguyện viên

84

youth

noun

/juːθ/

thanh niên

II: COLLOCATIONS/ PHRASES

STT

Cấu trúc / Collocation / Phrase

Giải thích / Nghĩa tiếng Việt

1

establish ASEAN

thành lập ASEAN

2

founding member of ASEAN

thành viên sáng lập ASEAN

3

ASEAN Charter

hiến chương ASEAN

4

ASEAN Vision 2025

Tầm nhìn ASEAN 2025

5

motto of ASEAN

phương châm của ASEAN

6

the pillars of ASEAN

các trụ cột của ASEAN

7

ASEAN community

cộng đồng ASEAN

8

build trust

xây dựng niềm tin

9

promote friendship and solidarity

thúc đẩy tình hữu nghị và đoàn kết

10

maintain regional stability

duy trì sự ổn định khu vực

11

address common challenges

giải quyết các thách thức chung

12

share responsibility

chia sẻ trách nhiệm

13

foster collaboration

thúc đẩy sự hợp tác

14

coordinate efforts

phối hợp nỗ lực

15

sustainable development

phát triển bền vững

16

cultural heritage preservation

bảo tồn di sản văn hóa

17

human resources development

phát triển nguồn nhân lực

18

disaster management

quản lý thiên tai

19

disaster relief operations

hoạt động cứu trợ thiên tai

20

regional peace and security

hòa bình và an ninh khu vực

21

political stability

sự ổn định chính trị

22

mechanism for cooperation

cơ chế hợp tác

23

respect for independence and sovereignty

tôn trọng độc lập và chủ quyền

24

harmonious development

phát triển hài hòa

25

inclusive growth

tăng trưởng bao trùm

26

intergovernmental organization

tổ chức liên chính phủ

27

make a contribution to

đóng góp cho

28

raise awareness of

nâng cao nhận thức về

29

take part in

tham gia vào

30

put out a call

phát đi lời kêu gọi / thông báo

31

take place

diễn ra

32

make friends with

kết bạn với

33

keen on

đam mê, hứng thú với

34

apply for

nộp đơn xin

35

bring together

kết hợp, gắn kết

36

eye-opening experience

trải nghiệm mở mang tầm mắt

37

unforgettable experience

trải nghiệm không thể quên

38

leadership skills

kỹ năng lãnh đạo

39

problem-solving skills

kỹ năng giải quyết vấn đề

40

qualified candidate

ứng viên đủ tiêu chuẩn

III: GRAMMAR

1. Gerunds (Danh động từ)

Dạng thức: V + -ing (Chức năng như 1 Noun)

Gerund dùng để

+ Làm chủ ngữ trong câu

        E.g:         Doing exercise regularly is very good for our health.

+ Làm tân ngữ đứng sau một số cụm từ: it's (not) worth, it's (no) use/ good, in addition to, can't help, can't bear, can't stand ...

        E.g:         It's worth buying an expensive ticket to this concert.

+ Đứng sau các cụm động từ (phrasal verbs): give up, put off, keep on, be opposed to, face up, to be against, look forward to, be interested in, be/get used to, see about, care for...

        E.g:         I get used to getting up early.

+ Là 1 tân ngữ sau các (V) sau

        E.g:         My mother suggests visiting Can Gio.

  1. allow         (cho phép)
  2. avoid         (tránh)
  3. admit         (thừa nhận)
  4. advise         (khuyên nhủ)
  5. appreciate         (đánh giá)
  6. complete         (hoàn thành)
  7. consider         (xem xét)
  8. continue = go on = keep on = carry on (tiếp tục)
  9. delay         (trì hoãn)
  10. deny (từ chối) ≠ give up (từ bỏ)
  11. discuss         (thảo luận)
  12. dislike = hate         (không thích)
  13. enjoy = like = feel like = love = fancy = prefer (thích)
  14. encourage         (khuyến khích)
  15. forbid         (cấm)
  1. finish         (hoàn thành)
  2. imagine         (tưởng tượng)
  3. involve         (bao gồm)
  4. include         (bao gồm)
  5. mention         (đề cập)
  6. mind         (phiền, ngại)
  7. miss         (nhớ, bỏ lỡ)
  8. permit         (cho phép)
  9. postpone         (trì hoãn)
  10. practice         (luyện tập)
  11. quit = give up        (nghỉ, thôi)
  12. recall         (nhắc nhở, nhớ)
  13. recollect         (nhớ ra)
  14. recommend         (gợi ý)
  15. risk         (liều)
  • Verb + V_ing
  • Lưu ý: Một số động từ đi với 2 trường hợp

stop + V-ing

Dừng làm gì (dừng hẳn)

        E.g:         He stopped smoking three years ago.

stop + to-V

Dừng lại để làm việc gì

        E.g:         He stopped to smoke a cigarette.

forget

 

remember

regret

Quên/ nhớ/ hối tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ) - đã xảy ra rồi

        E.g:         She remembers seeing him.

forget

 

remember

regret

Quên/ nhớ/ tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại - tương lai)

        E.g:        I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled.

try + V-ing

Thử làm gì

        E.g:        You should try wearing this hat.

try + to-V

Cố gắng làm gì

        E.g:        I try to pass the exam.

prefer + to V + rather than (V)

        E.g:        I prefer staying at home to going out.

                I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

mean + V-ing

Có nghĩa là gì.

        E.g:        This sign means not going into.

mean + to-V

Có ý định làm gì.

        E.g:        He doesn't mean to prevent you from doing that.

need + V-ing

Cần được làm gì (= need to be done)

                Your hair needs cutting. (= Your hair needs to be cut.)

need + to-V

Cần làm gì

        E.g:        I need to clean the house.

used + to-V

Đã từng/ thường làm gì trong quá khứ (bây giờ không làm nữa)

        E.g:        I used to get up early when I was young.

be/ get used to + V-ing

Quen với việc gì (ở hiện tại)

        E.g:         I'm used to getting up early.

IV. PRACTICE EXERCISES

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that best fits the blank in each sentence.

  1. The ten countries of ________ meet every year to discuss regional issues.
  1. UNESCO                         B. ASEAN                         C. NATO                         D. UNICEF
  1. The economic ________ in Southeast Asia helps smaller countries grow stronger together.
  1. region                         B. alliance                         C. bloc                         D. union
  1. Singapore was one of the five ________ of the organization in 1967.
  1. founding members                 B. original participants         C. initial delegates         D. primary creators
  1. Strong ________ has helped many people in Vietnam find better jobs.
  1. financial stability                                                 B. market expansion

C. business development                                         D. economic growth

  1. The country has enjoyed ________ for over twenty years now.
  1. diplomatic recognition                                         B. political stability

C. social harmony                                                 D. national security

  1. ________ means we protect nature while building new things.
  1. Green economy                                                 B. Environmental conservation

C. Sustainable development                                         D. Ecological balance

  1. Countries show ________ when they listen to each other's concerns.
  1. diplomatic courtesy                                         B. mutual respect

C. international protocol                                         D. political consideration

  1. The ________ of languages and cultures makes Southeast Asia interesting to visit.
  1. variety                         B. richness                         C. diversity                         D. abundance
  1. The ________ between nations was clear when they helped after the tsunami.
  1. alliance                         B. cooperation                 C. partnership                         D. solidarity
  1. Team ________ is why our football team wins so many matches.
  1. spirit                         B. cohesion                         C. unity                         D. synergy
  1. Economic ________ has lifted millions out of poverty in the region.
  1. improvement                 B. advancement                 C. progress                         D. transformation
  1. The annual ________ allows leaders to discuss important matters face to face.
  1. gathering                         B. summit                         C. assembly                         D. convention
  1. Tourism is an important ________ of income for many coastal areas.
  1. generator                         B. provider                         C. supplier                         D. source
  1. The ________ of many students helped complete the community project quickly.
  1. contribution                 B. participation                 C. involvement                 D. engagement
  1. Without ________, no business can succeed in the modern marketplace.
  1. creativity                         B. adaptation                         C. innovation                         D. evolution
  1. Cultural ________ is important when working with international partners.
  1. knowledge                         B. awareness                         C. sensitivity                         D. understanding
  1. The ________ of the economy depends on both local and global factors.
  1. health                         B. condition                         C. state                         D. stability
  1. Strong ________ between neighbors promotes regional security.
  1. bonds                         B. connections                 C. relationships                 D. ties
  1. The government's new ________ aims to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas.
  1. strategy                         B. initiative                         C. policy                         D. program
  1. The company's ________ to excellence has earned them many loyal customers.
  1. dedication                         B. devotion                         C. commitment                 D. loyalty
  1. The diplomatic ________ following the border dispute required careful negotiation.
  1. confrontation                 B. tension                         C. impasse                         D. standoff
  1. Economic ________ in the region has created both opportunities and challenges.
  1. liberalization                 B. deregulation                 C. restructuring                 D. integration
  1. The ________ of natural resources must be managed carefully to prevent depletion.
  1. consumption                 B. utilization                         C. exploitation                 D. extraction
  1. Cultural ________ remains an essential component of national identity despite globalization.
  1. heritage                         B. legacy                         C. tradition                         D. inheritance
  1. The environmental ________ caused by industrial development requires immediate attention.
  1. deterioration                 B. degradation                 C. destruction                         D. decline
  1. The ________ of artificial intelligence in manufacturing has transformed productivity.
  1. incorporation                 B. implementation                 C. adoption                         D. integration
  1. Economic ________ often follows periods of significant political change.

A. volatility                         B. fluctuation                         C. instability                         D. uncertainty

  1. The ________ between urban and rural development continues to widen in many countries.
  1. division                         B. separation                         C. disparity                         D. distinction
  1. Technological ________ has accelerated dramatically in the past decade.
  1. advancement                 B. evolution                         C. progress                         D. innovation
  1. The ________ of international law provides a framework for resolving disputes peacefully.
  1. enforcement                 B. application                         C. implementation                 D. execution
  1. The pandemic highlighted the ________ of global supply chains to unexpected disruptions.
  1. susceptibility                 B. weakness                         C. vulnerability                 D. exposure
  1. Effective governance requires ________ between different levels of administration.
  1. synchronization                 B. harmony                         C. alignment                         D. coordination
  1. The ________ of new technology has improved productivity in many industries.
  1. development                 B. innovation                         C. implementation                 D. progress
  1. Regional ________ helps create stronger trade partnerships.
  1. cooperation                 B. integration                         C. alliance                         D. coordination
  1. The government's ________ on education aims to improve literacy rates nationwide.
  1. investment                         B. initiative                         C. focus                         D. policy
  1. Economic ________ is measured by increases in GDP and other indicators.

A. growth                         B. expansion                         C. performance                 D. improvement

  1. Cultural ________ promotes understanding between different communities.
  1. diversity                         B. tradition                         C. awareness                         D. exchange
  1. The ________ of resources must be fair to benefit all citizens.

A. distribution                 B. allocation                         C. provision                         D. utilization

  1. The ________ between urban and rural areas affects economic development.

A. relationship                 B. difference                         C. gap                                 D. contrast

  1. Political ________ is necessary for long-term economic planning.

A. stability                         B. leadership                         C. governance                 D. authority

  1. Social ________ programs aim to reduce poverty and improve quality of life.

A. welfare                         B. assistance                         C. support                         D. aid

  1. The company's ________ allowed it to recover quickly after the financial crisis.
  1. resilience                         B. endurance                         C. recovery                         D. fortitude
  1. Global ________ requires international agreements on emission reductions.
  1. sustainability                 B. preservation                 C. conservation                 D. restoration
  1. Experts monitor economic ________ to predict future market trends.

A. indicators                         B. signals                         C. measures                         D. metrics

  1. Social media has changed the ________ of how information spreads globally.

A. patterns                         B. mechanics                         C. dynamics                         D. methods

  1. The ________ between education and income levels is well-documented in research.

A. link                                B. correlation                         C. connection                         D. association

  1. Democracy depends on the active ________ of citizens in the political process.

A. contribution                B. involvement                 C. engagement                 D. participation

  1. The government announced a new ________ to address housing shortages.

A. program                         B. initiative                         C. scheme                         D. plan

  1. Effective ________ of water resources is essential in drought-prone regions.

A. administration                 B. control                         C. management                 D. supervision

  1. Research shows a strong ________ between education levels and economic development.

A. perspective                 B. dimension                         C. significance                 D. impact

  1. Digital ________ has transformed how businesses operate in the modern economy.

A. transformation                 B. alteration                         C. evolution                         D. modification

  1. The country's ________ from an agricultural to industrial economy took several decades.

A. shift                         B. transition                         C. conversion                         D. adjustment

  1. Maintaining biodiversity is essential for environmental ________.

A. security                         B. strength                         C. balance                         D. harmony

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