ninhn5017 3/31/2024 2:54:58 PM

        A 500-year-old brewery in Bavaria, Germany has become an unlikely leader in the eco-friendly beer making movement. The Hofmühl Brewery, founded in 1492, has reduced its carbon footprint by 40% over the past two decades through solar panels and efficient water filtration, while making use of excess grains.

        Family-run since 1876, Hofmühl Brewery’s owner Benno Emslander took over in 1993, growing annual production from 15,000 hectoliters to 80,000, while offering 12 varieties of beer. In 2012, Emslander invested €190,000 in a heat and power unit that produces electricity from a mix of natural gas and thermal energy from solar panels. The unit paid for itself in four years and now meets half the brewery’s electricity demands. Plans are being drawn up for further investments to boost efficiency in the future, including installing photovoltaic panels to produce electricity directly from the sun, and sourcing natural gas from the fermentation of organic waste like leftover grains from the brewing process.

        After fermentation, 98% of Hofmühl’s beer is packaged in recyclable kegs or bottles, while excess grains and yeast from the brewing process are sold to farms as livestock feed or fertilizer — an increasingly common practice for beer makers. None of these developments, however, should get in the way of the customers’ experience, stressed Johannes Jung, Hofmühl’s plant manager and brewmaster. “Of course, we don’t want to change the taste or flavor because of our production process,” he said. “I don’t think that they buy our beer because of the eco-friendly production.”

        Outside of Germany, some major beer producers have quietly caught on to the eco-friendly model. The world’s second-largest beer maker, Heineken, says 34% of its agriculture is now sourced sustainably, and it has installed thousands of solar panels in its breweries in Europe, the United States and Singapore. Sierra Nevada Brewing Co., the largest independently-owned brewery in the United States, operates with a zero-waste policy by reusing nearly all of its byproduct.

        In Britain, Bedlam Brewery has recently seen a shift in customer recognition for its eco-focused beer. Since launching in 2015 with the help of a German brewmaster, Bedlam relocated to a solar-powered farm outside of Brighton, marketing eight varieties including a vegan option. “They are caring more now than they did in 2015,” said Sally O’Connor, Bedlam’s communication manager, citing better public understanding of environmental wastage.

(Adapted from bbc.com)

Question 42: Which of the following best serves as a title for the passage?

        A. The Different Uses Of Leftover Grains From Beer-Making            

        B. How Eco-Friendly Beer Is Gaining Popularity Worldwide             

        C. Breweries Praised By The Public For Eco-Friendly Practices

        D. An Eco-Friendly Beer Trend Started by A German Brewery

Question 43: How has Heineken caught on to Hofmühl’s eco-friendly model?           

        A. It is currently operating with a zero-waste policy.                        

        B. It sources the majority of its agriculture sustainably.

        C. It reuses all of its byproduct from the brewing process.

        D. It built solar-powered farms in Europe, the U.S and Singapore.

Question 44: The word “drawn up” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ___________.

        A. implemented                 B. launched                        C. developed                      D. constructed

Question 45: Excess grains from the brewing process can ___________.

        A. ferment and produce natural gas.        B. be sold to farms as crops. 

        C. be fed to livestock at breweries.        D. produce electricity by fermenting.

Question 46: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ___________.

        A. beer makers              B. customers               C. developments            D. farms

Question 47: What can be inferred from the passage?

        A. The Hofmühl Brewery will produce all of its electricity using photovoltaic panels in the future. 

        B. Since Benno Emslander took over, Hofmühl has become the largest brewery in Germany. 

        C. Natural gas from organic waste will be sold to other breweries along with excess grains.

        D. Electricity from the heat and power unit is a major energy source at the Hofmühl Brewery.

Question 48: The word “recognition” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.

        A. admiration              B. affection                 C. appreciation              D. respect

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