khanghyvan 5/16/2024 10:02:57 PM

        At the beach and on the boardwalk, seagulls have a bad reputation for swooping down on unsuspecting people to steal their food. But scientists recently discovered there’s a simple solution to deter these avian thieves: Stare at them.

        “I noticed that gulls seemed to have a bad reputation for food-snatching, but only saw it happen quite rarely,” said lead study author Madeleine Goumas, a researcher with the Center for Ecology and Conservation at the University of Exeter’s Penryn Campus in Cornwall, U.K. “When I did see it happen, gulls often swooped in from behind, and the people were completely oblivious.”

        Prior studies had shown that some animal species change their behavior in response to the human gaze, and the study authors wondered if that also might be true for the gulls. The scientists approached 74 herring gulls in coastal towns in Cornwall, tempting them with bags of fried potatoes. Whenever a gull showed interest in the food bag, a researcher would either ignore or stare at it intently. Both trials would continue until the bird either pecked at the food bag or 300 seconds elapsed with no approach. “By far, the biggest challenge was gulls being scared off by people or their dogs, as we were conducting these experiments in urban areas that weren’t free of passersby,” Goumas said.

        During the tests in which the researchers looked away, all of the gulls touched the food. On the other hand, the majority of gulls took, on average, about 21 seconds longer to touch the food if they were being stared at, and six of the watched gulls wouldn’t tap at the food at all, the researchers reported. But there was also a lot of variation in the gulls’ responses when being watched; some approached more slowly than others, while others appeared not to notice the researchers’ stares. Overall, the gulls’ behavior suggested that they would be more likely to stay away from food if humans were close to the birds, the authors wrote.

 (Adapted from nbcnews.com)

Question 39: What is the passage mainly about?

        A. Seagull’s bad reputation                                  B. A misconception about seagulls

        C. A research into seagulls’ behaviour             D. Interesting ways to deter seagulls

Question 40: According to the last paragraph, how do most seagulls respond when being watched by researchers?

        A. approach the food more slowly                      B. ignore the bag and fly away

        C. touch the food immediately                        D. stare back at the researchers

Question 41: The word “oblivious” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.

        A. annoyed                       B. disturbed                      C. unaware                        D. forgetful

Question 42: What did Goumas say was the biggest difficulty when conducting the research?

        A. Seagulls were very hard to notice.                    B. Most seagulls ignored the food bag.

        C. People scared the seagulls away.        D. The researchers’ dogs were too aggressive.

Question 43: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ___________.

        A. researcher           B. food bag        C. interest                    D. gull

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