quynhnguyen1352001 3/30/2024 7:09:29 AM

Many people may be surprised to hear that poaching - the illegal hunting of wild animals - is still one of the biggest drivers of extinction, despite efforts from governments around the world. From figuring out where illegal hunting is taking place to identifying the source of an animal product, conservationists still face many challenges. That being said, developments in technology are putting new tools into the hands of the law enforcement officials and conservation biologists who desperately need them.

One difficulty faced when illegal bones, horns and skin are seized is knowing where they came from. Fortunately, there are ways that artificial intelligence can help. For example, every tiger has a unique stripe pattern, like a fingerprint. With this knowledge in mind, scientists in India have created a database powered by AI containing images of tigers and their specific stripe pattern, which has been successfully implemented to determine that a piece of tiger skin came from a protected area and thus had been poached rather than farmed. Information like this is hugely valuable for officials, since it allows them to pinpoint areas where there is poaching activity. Currently, efforts are being made to expand the database with images from other countries and regions worldwide.

         Taking a different approach is Professor Fritz Vollrath of the University of Oxford, who spent decades studying the properties of various biological materials before turning his attention to ivory. He is now working with researchers in China to develop a man-made version of natural ivory. “Ivory is a nice material that people like to handle – but does it have to come from a dead elephant? What if we can create a mixture of collagen and minerals that has the same qualities?” he says. Likewise, startup company Pembient is trying to produce a synthetic form of rhino horn. They’ve created a few prototypes and expect their final product to be ready for sale in 2022 at only $$$$2.61 per gram.

Meanwhile, Professor Milind Tambe in California, using 14 years of data on poaching activities in Queen Elizabeth National Park, were able to create a system that would predict likely hotspots for poaching and direct patrols there to remove traps before they can kill any animals, plus generate new routes to areas where patrols were often sparse in the past. Perfecting the program day by day, Tambe is now partnering with many wildlife agencies to integrate it into their software. “My job is to support conservationists, and to see what I can do for them,” says Tambe. 

(Adapted from bbc.co.uk)

Question 44: Which best serves as the title for the passage?

        A. Rise In Illegal Hunting Indicates the Need for Global Scientific Cooperation

        B. Innovations That Are Giving Us an Edge in The Fight Against Poaching

        C. These Technologies Will Give Us the Ability to Hunt Down Illegal Hunters  

        D. Will Technological Developments Finally Put an End to Illegal Hunting? 

Question 45: The word “which” in paragraph 2 refers to __________.

        A. knowledge         B. database         C. AI         D. pattern

Question 46: According to paragraph 3, what do we learn about Professor Vollarth? 

        A. He has studied ivory as well as many other biological materials for decades.

        B. Thanks to his help, Chinese researchers managed to create artificial ivory.

        C. In his opinion, a good material like ivory should not be handled by humans. 

        D. His idea is to make a type of ivory that has the same traits as natural ivory.

Question 47: The phrase “pinpoint” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ___________.

        A. diagnose         B. define         C. distinguish         D. detect

Question 48: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?

        A. Many governments worldwide have yet to take actions to address poaching.

        B. The AI database of tiger images allows people to track tigers in protected areas.  

        C. In 2022, people might be able to buy prototypes of Pembient’s synthetic rhino horn.

        D. Professor Tambe’s system utilizes data to point out where poaching is likely to happen.   

Question 49: The word “sparse” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ___________.

        A. slight         B. fine         C. thin         D. dim

Question 50: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage?

        A. Many people are not fully aware of the potentially destructive consequences of poaching.

        B. The Indian tiger database are being recreated in other regions around the world.

        C. When man-made ivory is widely available, it is probable that less elephants will be killed.

        D. Tambe plans to work with more wildlife agencies to further improve his system. 

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