truongquynhanh2109 3/22/2024 7:12:09 PM

Maria Alcalá of Madrid speaks for many Mediterranean people when she says that “a meal without olive oil would be a bore.” No one knows when the Mediterranean civilizations initially fell in love with olives. That occurred before recorded history. However, there is evidence that the cultivation of olive trees began in countries around the Mediterranean Sea in approximately 4000 B.C., and 2,000 years after that people in the eastern Mediterranean region began to produce oil from olives. The Mediterranean still accounts for 99 percent of all world olive oil production.

From ancient times until today, the basic process of producing the oil is the same. First, whole olives are crushed. Then, the liquid is separated from the solids. After that, the valuable oil is separated from the water. Many olive growers maintain their ancient traditions and still harvest the olives by hand. “We harvest in the traditional way,” says Don Celso, an olive farmer from Tuscany, Italy. "It would be less expensive to do it with machines, but it's more a social thing. Twenty people come to help with the harvest, and we pay them in oil."

Olive oil has had a variety of uses through its long history. In ancient times, olive oil was used as money and as medicine. It was even used during war-heated up and dropped down on attackers. It is still used in religious ceremonies. It is great for protecting the freshness of fish and cheese. There are even olive oil lamps and olive oil soaps. Olive oil enhances the lives of people everywhere. Its benefits, recently confirmed by science, were already understood in ancient times. Mediterranean people are happy to share their secret with the world.

(Adapted from Reading Explorer 2 by Paul Maclntyre)

11. Which could be the best title for the passage?

     A. The best kept secret.                                               B. Olive oil: A cure for every disease.

     C. How to produce oil from indigenous trees?            D. An oil for all.

12. The word ‘civilisations’ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

     A. societies                        B. subcultures                    C. empires                         D. species

13. According to the passage, which of the following has olive oil NOT been used for?

     A. currency                        B. cosmetics                      C. pharmaceuticals            D. weapons

14. The word ‘it’ in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

     A. olive                              B. machine                         C. harvest                          D.way

15. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

A. There is strong evidence suggesting that the first olive trees were planted exactly 4,000 years BC.

B. The exact time that olives became popular among Mediterranean cultures remains unclear.

C. The way the oil is produced today is quite different from that in the past.

D. The Mediterranean accounts for all of the worlds’ olive oil consumption even to this day.

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