Nestled in the rugged terrain of southern Jordan, Petra stands as a testament to the brilliance of ancient engineering and artistry. Known as the “Rose City” for the warm reddish-pink hue of its sandstone cliffs, Petra was once the bustling capital of the Nabataean Kingdom, which thrived between the 4th century BCE and 2nd century CE. Its unique location, concealed within a canyon, made it a fortress and a critical hub for regional trade.
The Nabataeans were masterful traders and engineers. Petra’s strategic placement along the Incense and Silk Routes allowed them to dominate the commerce of precious goods like frankincense, myrrh, spices, and textiles. They constructed an elaborate system of water management, including dams, reservoirs, and aqueducts, enabling them to sustain life in the arid desert. This innovation supported a growing population and attracted scholars, artisans, and traders from across the ancient world.
The city is renowned for its rock-cut architecture, most famously the Al-Khazneh, or “The Treasury,” which is believed to have been a royal tomb. The façade of Al-Khazneh, intricately carved into the sandstone cliffs, showcases the fusion of Nabataean and Hellenistic styles. This blend of influences underscores the cultural exchange that Petra facilitated as a cosmopolitan trade center.
Despite its success, Petra’s prominence waned after the Roman Empire annexed the Nabataean Kingdom in 106 CE. Over time, earthquakes disrupted its infrastructure, and shifting trade routes bypassed the city. By the 7th century, Petra was largely abandoned, forgotten by the outside world until Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it in 1812.
Today, Petra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors who marvel at its architectural grandeur and historical significance. It remains a symbol of human ingenuity, reminding us of the ability to thrive even in the harshest environments.
Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.
Câu 53:
Why is Petra called the “Rose City”?
A. Because it was famous for its rose gardens.
B. Because the sandstone cliffs have a pinkish color.
C. Because roses were a key trade item in the city.
D. Because it was founded during a festival of roses.
Câu 54:
The word concealed in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A. Hidden. B. Open. C. Famous. D. Difficult.
Câu 55:
What made Petra a significant trade hub?
A. Its large population and fertile land.
B. Its position on major trade routes and innovative water system.
C. Its alliance with the Roman Empire.
D. Its proximity to large ancient cities like Alexandria.
Câu 56:
What is Al-Khazneh best known for?
A. Being a temple for Nabataean gods. B. Housing royal treasures and gems.
C. Its intricate façade blending cultural styles. D. Functioning as Petra’s main trade market.
Câu 57:
The word innovation in paragraph 2 most likely refers to:
A. Traditional methods. B. Advanced techniques.
C. Accidental discoveries. D. Cultural exchanges.
Câu 58:
What led to the decline of Petra?
A. An invasion by Swiss explorers.
B. The abandonment by the Nabataean rulers.
C. Earthquakes and changes in trade routes.
D. The lack of fresh water supply.
Câu 59:
It can be inferred from the passage that Petra’s rediscovery was significant because:
A. It renewed interest in ancient civilizations.
B. It became a source of new trade routes.
C. It was immediately annexed by UNESCO.
D. It showcased ancient agricultural practices.
Câu 60:
What does Petra symbolize in the modern world?
A. The importance of protecting trade routes.
B. The resilience and creativity of ancient societies.
C. The necessity of advanced water systems.
D. The grandeur of Roman architectural influence.
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