ducchinh1104 2/21/2025 2:37:31 PM

        Urbanization is one of the most significant social and economic changes in the modern era. Over half of the world's population now lives in urban areas, and that figure is expected to rise to nearly 70% by 2050. This shift from rural to urban living is driven by the promise of better opportunities, including access to education, healthcare, and employment. However, urbanization also creates challenges such as housing shortages, traffic congestion, and environmental pollution. 

        One of the key issues associated with urbanization is the development of slums. In rapidly growing cities, the demand for affordable housing often exceeds supply, forcing many low-income residents to live in substandard conditions. They often face overcrowding and limited access to essential services, as slums are typically overcrowded, lack basic services like clean water and sanitation, and are highly vulnerable to natural disasters. 

        Urbanization also has significant environmental impacts. The expansion of cities often leads to deforestation, loss of agricultural land, and increased carbon emissions. Moreover, urban areas generate large amounts of waste, which can overwhelm local disposal systems and contaminate water supplies. 

        Many cities are finding innovative ways to make urbanization more sustainable. Green architecture, such as buildings with solar panels and rooftop gardens, helps reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. Public transportation systems are being expanded to reduce traffic congestion and promote eco-friendly travel. In addition, smart city technologies are being adopted to manage resources more efficiently and improve the quality of urban life. 

Question 12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of urbanization?

        A. improved healthcare                 B. better housing 

        C. access to education                 D. employment opportunities 

Question 13. The word affordable in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to________

        A. inadequate         B. expensive         C. temporary         D. convenient 

Question 14. The word adopted in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ________.

        A. financed         B. applied         C. adapted         D. refused 

Question 15. The word They in paragraph 2 refers to_________. 

        A. services         B. conditions         C. slums         D. residents 

Question 16. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

        A. Many cities are considering more sustainable urbanization despite innovative approaches.

        B. To achieve more sustainable urbanization, many cities are developing innovative approaches.

        C. Making urbanization more sustainable depends on the governments of countries. 

        D. Exploring smart technologies in the early stages promises a sustainable future in some countries.

Question 17. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Urbanization has already reached its peak, with no further growth expected. 

B. Public transportation is being improved to help people travel more quickly. 

C. Green architecture is effective in increasing energy consumption. 

D. Slums are a common feature in cities with rapid urban growth. 

Question 18. In which paragraph does the writer describe the social issues caused by urbanization?

        A. Paragraph 2         B. Paragraph 4         C. Paragraph 3         D. Paragraph 1 

Question 19. In which paragraph does the writer explore modern methods for addressing urbanization challenges? 

        A. Paragraph 3         B. Paragraph 4         C. Paragraph 1         D. Paragraph 2 

 

8. THPT Gò Công Đông - Tiền Giang (Tốt nghiệp THPT 2025 môn Tiếng Anh)