tranvannam2702 3/14/2025 8:51:31 AM

URBANIZATION: REASONS AND RESULTS

Urbanization, the movement of people from rural to urban areas, has become a defining trend globally. (I). The primary reason for urbanization is the search for better economic opportunities. Cities typically offer more jobs, higher wages, and career growth potential, attracting people from less developed regions. (II). In addition, urban areas often provide greater access to education, healthcare, and essential services, which are typically limited in rural regions. (III). Collectively, these factors make cities particularly appealing to young people who seek to improve their quality of life and to families looking for better opportunities for their children. (IV)

Another major driver of urbanization is infrastructure development. Cities often invest heavily in transportation, advanced communication networks, and reliable public services, which make urban living more convenient and efficient. Such infrastructure attracts both businesses and residents, contributing to a city's economic expansion and reinforcing the cycle of urban growth. This availability of resources and opportunities makes cities desirable for companies and individuals, boosting both local economies and international business appeal.

However, urbanization also presents significant challenges. Overcrowding, traffic congestion, and increased pollution are common in highly urbanized areas. These problems strain city resources and can reduce the quality of life for residents. Furthermore, as cities expand, they often encroach on natural landscapes, leading to habitat destruction and a loss of biodiversity. This encroachment affects local ecosystems and can create environmental issues that extend beyond city borders. Balancing urban growth with sustainable practices remains a critical issue for many cities worldwide.

In response, some cities are adopting "smart growth" policies. These policies aim to manage urban expansion in a way that minimizes environmental impact and promotes a higher quality of life. By focusing on sustainable infrastructure, green spaces, and efficient resource management, smart growth policies attempt to address the downsides of urbanization while still supporting economic and social development.

Question 31. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

"The primary reason for urbanization is the search for better economic opportunities."

A. People move to cities mainly to find improved education.

B. Better living conditions are the main reason for migration.

C. Urban areas are attracting residents due to economic incentives.

D. Economic opportunity drives many people to move to cities.

Question 32. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Urbanization in many developing countries often results in significant economic benefits for rural regions.

B. Cities are expanding too quickly, that's why it often leads to overpopulation, pollution and lack of resources.

C. Smart growth policies are urgently needed to address the consequences of rapid urbanization in rural areas.

D. Urbanization is driven by economic opportunities and improved services but causes environmental challenges.

Question 33. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 2?

A. Infrastructure development enhances urban life and drives economic growth.

B. Urbanization often causes environmental challenges for cities.

C. People move to cities for education and healthcare access.

D. Smart growth policies can manage urban expansion.

Question 34. The phrase "these factors" in paragraph 1 refers to_______.

        A. cities and rural areas

        B. jobs, education, and healthcare

        C. infrastructure and environmental policies

        D. population and income

Question 35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of urbanization?

A. Search for employment        B. Need for environmental policies

C. Development of infrastructure        D. Greater educational opportunities

Question 36. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about smart growth policies?

A. They focus on green spaces and infrastructure to manage urbanization sustainably.

B. They limit job growth in order to reduce population density.

C. They aim to reduce access to education and healthcare in rural areas.

D. They emphasize industrial development and economic incentives in cities.

Question 37. The word "challenges" in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to_______.

        A. opportunities        B. obstacles        C. difficulties        D. problems

Question 38. The word "expansion" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.

        A. development        B. decrease        C. suppression        D. reduction

Question 39. Where in paragraph 1 would the following sentence best fit in the passage?

"This population shift can have both positive and negative impacts on cities."

        A. (I)        B. (III)        C. (IV)        D. (II)

Question 40. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The majority of urban growth happens in developing countries.

B. Managing urban growth sustainably is a challenge many cities currently face.

C. Urbanization is likely to decrease in the future as cities face more issues.

D. Cities with limited infrastructure are better suited to handle population growth.

45. THPT Tuệ Tĩnh - Hải Dương (Tốt nghiệp THPT 2025 môn Tiếng Anh)