nvinhn1509 2/21/2025 2:02:47 PM

        Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards. As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including housing, transportation, and public services. 

        The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side, urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful planning and management. 

        Effective urban planning is crucial to mitigating the negative effects of urbanization. This includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization while improving the overall quality of urban life. 

        (Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019) 

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor driving urbanization?

A. Economic opportunities         B. Healthcare services 

C. Climate change                 D. Educational facilities 

Question 24. The word stimulate in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

        A. encourage         B. promote         C. hinder         D. accelerate 

Question 25. The word they in paragraph 1 refers to ______. 

        A. rural areas                 B. cities         

        C. economic opportunities         D. suburban areas

Question 26. The word mitigating in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.

        A. worsening         B. addressing         C. preventing         D. reducing 

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

A. Good urban planning is essential to address urbanization’s adverse effects. 

B. Proper urban planning can help reduce the negative impacts of urban growth. 

C. Mitigating urbanization’s drawbacks requires effective urban planning. 

D. Managing urbanization’s negative consequences relies on strategic urban planning. 

Question 28. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? 

A. Urbanization always improves living standards. 

B. Rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowding and pollution. 

C. Economic development is rarely associated with urbanization. 

D. Urban growth only brings negative outcomes. 

Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer mention the benefits of urbanization?

        A. Paragraph 1         B. Paragraph 2         C. Paragraph 3         D. Paragraph 4 

Question 30. In which passage does the author mention that durable infrastructure helps manage the impacts of urbanization?

        A. Paragraph 1         B. Paragraph 2         C. Paragraph 3         D. Paragraph 4 

 

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