kvotuankhoi 4/16/2024 7:14:51 AM

        Although her mother constantly complains about it, Beijing resident Lili is not planning to have children any time soon. “I have very few peers who have children, and if they do, they’re obsessed about getting the best nanny or enrolling the kids in the best schools. It sounds exhausting.” And she is not alone: her opinion reflects the changing attitudes of many young urban Chinese toward having children.

         A national census showed that around 12 million babies were born in 2020, which is a significant decrease from 18 million in 2016, and the lowest number recorded since the 1960s. And while the overall population grew, it moved at the slowest pace in decades, adding to worries that China may face a severe population decline. This is problematic due to the inverted age structure, with more old people than young. When that happens, there won’t be enough workers in the future to support old people, and demand for health and social care for them will increase.

        Although lower birth rates tend to fall when countries become more developed as people focus more on their education or career, experts say that China’s situation could be uniquely exacerbated given the number of men who are finding it difficult to even find a wife. Last year, there were 34.9 million more males than females. Such a severe gender imbalance in the country was a consequence of the country’s strict one-child policy, which led to people aborting or abandoning their children because of their sex, in a culture that historically favours boys over girls.

        Experts also pointed out the lack of policy changes from the government that support family life - such as financial support for education or access to childcare facilities. And many people simply cannot afford to raise children amid the rising costs of living. Additionally, women may also be afraid of having kids because this may affect their career prospects. “The reality is that there aren’t many good jobs out there for women, and the women who do have good jobs will want to do whatever it takes to keep them. Who would dare have kids in this situation?” one person asked on Chinese social media platform Weibo.

        However, because getting married and having children is still the norm in Chinese society, there is hope for change, provided that there are more measures to support families in childcare and education. Even Lili may be convinced to change her mind. “If it becomes less competitive for kids to get the resources they need, I might feel more mentally ready and less stressed about having a child,” she said.

(Adapted from bbc.co.uk)

Question 36: Which best serves as the title for the passage?

                A. The Pressure Of Having Kids In Modern Chinese Society 

                B. Birth Rates In China Have Been On The Decline, Here’s Why

                C. Gender Imbalance In China And How This Resulted In Less Children

                D. How Is The Chinese Government Encouraging People To Have More Kids?

Question 37: The word “reflects” in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ___________.

                A. discloses              B. expresses        C. approves             D. declares

Question 38: According to paragraph 2, what is the effect of an inverted age structure?

                A. Young people will no longer want to take care of older people.

                B. More young people will demand for health and social care.

                C. The workforce will be too small to support the elderly.

                D. Workers in the future will need to work harder.

Question 39: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to __________.

                A. census        B. decrease        C. number        D. population

Question 40: In paragraph 3, what do we learn about the severe gender imbalance in China?

                A. It is a natural tendency as the country becomes increasingly developed.

                B. It has made it impossible for Chinese men to find a wife and have children.

                C. It was the result of the one-child policy and cultural views that favour men.

                D. It resulted in Chinese parents abandoning their kids based on their sex.

Question 41: The word “exacerbated” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.               

                A. damaged        B. heightened        C. inspired        D. enhanced

Question 42: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage?

                A. The inverted age structure creates more conflicts between generations in a society.

                B. Most Chinese men do not want children because finding a wife is just too difficult.

                C. Birth rates in China will continue falling unless there is more support for family life.

                D. Lili will soon change her mind and have children in order to make her mother happy.

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