thithin1978 5/16/2024 9:52:20 PM

     Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.

         Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another, yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.

                In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life, to assist other members of their group. The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In groups of meerkats, an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group, it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter. By standing guard, the sentinel meerkat gains nothing—it goes without food while the others eat, and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm, it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator. So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group.

Question 37: What is the passage mainly about?

                A. A type of behavior among humans and animals

                B. A means of communication among humans being

                C. A special manner that is exclusive to human beings

                D. A common need that both humans and animals share

Question 38: “Altruism” is defined as _________.

                A. a personal interest                            B. the opposite to selfishness

                C. an animal sacrificed                          D. an act for nothing gained

Question 39: Which of the following will NOT be considered that of altruism among human beings?

                A. sharing of food with strangers

                B. the donation of body organs to family members

                C. the donation of body organs to strangers

                D. working hard to earn a decent living

Question 40: The word “sentinel” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

                A. safety                   B. security                 C. watchman                  D. guard

Question 41: The word “others” in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

                A. predators             B. meerkats                 C. members                 D. animals

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