dangkhoa2577 3/28/2024 9:31:49 PM

        Despite the easing of lockdowns across the world, many businesses continue to operate largely online. However, this new business model has exposed a problem: cyber attackers are disproportionately targeting people of colour and ethnic minorities during this pandemic.

        Rashad Robinson, the executive director of Color of Change, the United States’ largest online racial justice organisation, which has lobbied social media companies to address civil rights violations on their platforms through many public campaigns, says the Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) community faces “immediate danger” when working on the video call platform Zoom, where hackers are still actively searching for loopholes to specifically target BAME communities online.

        Robinson explained that these are not random pranks by individuals, but a coordinated effort. “Color of Change have been contacted by at least 15 groups who have had their gatherings hijacked,” he added. For instance, a virtual casting call for black actors, a meeting between minority students and lecturers to discuss racism in universities, and a series of online talks about the aftermath of George Floyd’s death were targeted on Zoom. Another Zoom event with speakers from White Coats for Black Lives, an organisation of BAME medical students tackling racism within the US’s healthcare system, was hijacked.

        Lydia Amoah, a diversity specialist, was a target of a racially-motivated cyber-attack during a webinar with 100 of her colleagues, clients and industry experts in April. “I felt sick for five days after the hackers attacked. I felt so unsafe online, where I have no choice but to work [...] Even now I feel hot [and] defenseless, they could see me but I couldn’t see them.” Amoah is now advising businesses and other companies on how to deal with racism in the virtual workspace. Her new policy, the STOPIT Protocol, offers businesses a step-by-step guide on how to protect workers online, and has already been implemented by some UK charities and organisations.

Color of Change has been in contact with Zoom and has asked the company to release a specific plan to combat racial harassment on the platform and apologise to targets of Zoom bombings, but Lydia believes responsibility also lies with employers who have not taken measures to protect minorities in the virtual workspace. “The first step is sharing our stories, the next is for companies to start implementing real and lasting policies that will protect all of their users.”

 (Adapted from aljazeera.com)

Question 44: Which best serves as the title for the passage?

        A. New Measures That Can Be Taken To Deal With Online Racism

        B. Racism In The Virtual World: A Growing Problem

        C. Why Do Hackers Always Target Zoom For Security Loopholes?

        D. How Online Racism Affects People’s Mental State

Question 45: The word “lobbied” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ___________.

        A. threatened            B. forced                            C. urged                   D. deceived

Question 46: Why does Rashad Robinson say in paragraph 2 that the BAME community face “immediate danger” when using Zoom?                                   

        A. Because Zoom has not tried to tackle civil rights violations.

        B. Because this community is not being protected by Zoom.

        C. Because hackers are planning to attack all Zoom users. 

        D. Because Zoom still has too many security loopholes.

Question 47: According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT an example of gatherings that have been hijacked by hackers?       

        A. A virtual casting call on Zoom for actors who are black.

        B. A Zoom meeting between minority students to discuss racism.

        C. A series of talks about the aftermath of George Floyd’s death.

        D. An event with speakers who are BAME medical students.

Question 48: The word “coordinated” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

        A. scheduled                    B. engineered                   C. programmed                 D. organised

Question 49: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

        A. No social media company has addressed civil rights violations.

        B. White Coats for Black Lives is very popular with medical students.

        C. Lydia Amoah was deeply affected emotionally after a cyber-attack.

        D. Zoom will soon release its plan to deal with racial harassment.

Question 50: The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to ___________.

        A. colleagues                 B. clients                       C. experts                           D. hackers

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