trungthai842st 4/16/2024 6:20:25 AM

        Have you ever wondered how hot the peppers you eat are or why some peppers can set your mouth on fire? Well, the Scoville Scale can help you answer these questions.

        The Scoville scale is named after its creator, Wilbur L. Scoville (1865-1942), and is used to measure the amount of capsaicin, the chemical compound found in peppers that gives them their heat. It is also used to measure other plants which produce spicy chemicals. For instance, the resin spurge, a cactus-like plant native to Morocco, produces a chemical substance called resiniferatoxin, which is a thousand times hotter on the Scoville scale than pure capsaicin.

        The scale measures the hotness of peppers in units known as Scoville Heat Units (SHU). The number of SHUs in a pepper or hot sauce gives us an idea of the amount of capsaicin present in a pepper. So, of course, a low rating indicates little or no heat while a high rating means that a pepper is extremely spicy.

        To determine the number of Scoville Heat Units, an extract of capsaicin oil from a dried pepper is mixed with a solution of water and sugar to the point where a panel of human taste-testers can’t detect the heat of the pepper. The pepper is then assigned a Scoville Heat Unit according to the dilution required for the “burn” to no longer be sensed. For example, if a pepper rates at 5,000 Scoville Heat Units, then the extract must be diluted in sugar water 5,000 times before the heat is not detectable anymore.

 (Adapted from quepasafoods.com)

Question 7: What is the passage mainly about?

        A. Why some peppers can be extremely hot             

        B. The inventor of the Scoville scale                                       

        C. Plants that produce the most spicy chemicals      

        D. How the spiciness of peppers is measured

Question 8: The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to ___________.

        A. scale                     B. amount                C. compound                   D. heat 

Question 9: The word “indicates” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.  

        A. reveals                          B. announces                     C. signifies                       D. proposes

Question 10: According to paragraph 4, how is the number of Scoville Heat Units of a pepper determined?

        A. Human taste-testers will eat the pepper until they can no longer taste heat.

        B. The pepper will be dried and blended with water and sugar until oil is released.

        C. An extract of capsaicin oil from fresh pepper will be diluted using sugar water. 

        D. Capsaicin oil and sugar water will be mixed until heat is no longer tasted.

Question 11: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?

        A. Wilber L. Scoville was the first person to discover capsaicin.

        B. Capsaicin and resiniferatoxin are compounds that give peppers their heat.

        C. The resin spurge is a chemical substance that is far hotter than capsaicin.

        D. The higher the SHU rating of a pepper is, the more spicy it is.

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