duckieu01012001 6/2/2024 10:15:44 PM

        Many factors affect how you relate to colleagues like the different personalities in the office or the kind of boss you have. However, if you find yourself struggling to accept negative feedback, avoiding asking others for help or fearing failure – there could be another less obvious source to your problems. The nature of your parents’ relationship, and especially whether they solved problems amicably and constructively or resorted to conflict, could have shaped your way of relating to others.

        Attachment theory, first proposed by the British psychologist John Bowlby in the middle of the last century, proposes that our relationships – especially with our parents – shape how we relate to others through life, known as our attachment style. Generally, people have either ‘secure attachment’, meaning they are confident in their worth and have great trust in others; ‘anxious attachment’, in which they have low self-esteem and fear rejection and neglect by others; or ‘avoidant attachment’, which means they too have low self-esteem and low trust in others, but cope by avoiding getting too close to others in the first place.

        There are many contributing factors to the kind of attachment style we develop, including the responsiveness of our parents, as well as our own personality. Also relevant, however, is our parents’ relationship with each other. For children, parents provide a model for how disagreements should be resolved in close relationships, and research suggests this has consequences for children’s later attachment style. For example, one study involving 157 couples found that those individuals whose parents had divorced when they were children were more likely to have an insecure attachment style as adults. 

        Your work behaviour can be affected by your attachment style in many ways. For instance, if you are anxiously attached, you might be extra fearful of facing rejection for performing your tasks poorly. These deep-rooted psychological processes also affect bosses – for example, those with a secure attachment style are more inclined to delegate more important work to their employees. Your attachment style is not unchangeable, though. Recent research has shown attachment styles evolve to some extent through life in response to current circumstances. Being more aware of your tendencies in a relationship and a variety of situations can enable you to take steps to improve them or turn them to your advantage. Your ways of relating to others at work might have deep roots, but if psychology has taught us one thing, it’s that learning and changing is possible through life.

(Adapted from bbc.com)

Question 36: Which of the following best serves as a title for the passage?

                A. What You Can Do To Change Your Attachment Style In The Workplace

                B. How Your Work Behaviour May Have Been Affected By Your Parents

                C. The Influence Of Divorces On The Mentality Of Young Children

                D. The Negative Mental Impacts Of An Insecure Attachment Styles 

Question 37: Which of the following is NOT TRUE about attachment styles? 

                A. They can be divided into three common types. 

                B. They are the result of various factors.

                C. They affect both bosses and employees.

                D. They are changeable and not deep-rooted. 

Question 38: The word “amicably” in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ___________.

                A. slightly        B. secretly        C. carefully        D. peacefully

Question 39: The word “them” in the last paragraph refers to ___________.

                A. circumstances        B. tendencies        C. situations        D. styles

Question 40: The phrase “delegate” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.

                A. provide        B. assign        C. distribute        D. share

Question 41: What can be inferred from the passage?

                A. Your parents’ relationship is has the most significant effect on your work behaviour.

                B. Children whose parents get along are more likely develop a secure attachment style.

                C. People’s type of attachment style is mostly determined by their own personality.

                D. Those with ‘avoidant attachment’ generally have the lowest self-esteem and trust.

Question 42: What’s the difference between those with ‘anxious attachment’ and those with “avoidant attachment”? 

                A. Those with ‘anxious attachment’ trust other people more

                B. Those with ‘avoidant attachment’ usually stay away from others

                C. Those with ‘anxious attachment’ usually neglect or reject others

                D. Those with ‘avoidant attachment’ are afraid of failures

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