songjihyo0608 12/30/2025 9:50:05 AM

The zero-waste lifestyle, which promotes eliminating all personal waste, has become a symbol of environmental responsibility in recent years. From reusable containers to bulk shopping and composting,  the movement encourages individuals to radically change their consumption habits. While the intention behind it is commendable, the practicality of achieving a truly zero-waste lifestyle remains questionable for most people.

Waste is part and parcel of today's consumer society. Supermarkets package goods in layers of plastic; online shopping generates cardboard, tape, and protective fillers; even medical care often involves single-use items for hygiene. Expecting individuals to entirely avoid these realities requires a level of privilege, time, and access that many do not have. For example, not every city offers bulk stores or composting services, and not everyone can afford the often higher costs of sustainable products.

Moreover, the pressure to be “zero-waste” can lead to guilt rather than change. When a person who tries their best still ends up discarding a food wrapper or a broken appliance, they may feel that their efforts are meaningless. This absolute mindset can be counterproductive, discouraging broader participation in sustainable practices.

[I] Rather than total elimination, choosing to reuse whenever possible, refusing unnecessary packaging, and supporting circular economy initiatives can collectively shift demand away from disposability. [II] Even small, consistent efforts across a population can significantly reduce environmental harm. [III] Rather than viewing zero-waste as an endpoint, it may be more useful to treat it as an aspiration, a guiding principle rather than a strict rule. [IV] Progress lies not in perfection, but in the widespread willingness to reduce where we can and when we can.

Question 13. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

        A. Partial efforts to reduce waste are more achievable than total waste elimination.

        B. Achieving zero waste is a realistic and necessary goal for everyone, regardless of income.

        C. Waste reduction requires individuals to sacrifice convenience without gaining any benefits.

        D. People who fail to live a completely zero-waste lifestyle stop protecting the environment.

Question 14. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. People who cannot achieve a complete zero-waste lifestyle should abandon their efforts and accept unsustainable living habits.

B. Achieving zero waste is now a widespread practice, so governments and organisations no longer need to promote sustainable consumption.

C. Living a perfect zero-waste life is affordable, convenient, and easily achievable for individuals in all regions of the world.

D. Achieving zero waste is difficult for most, but focusing on reducing waste whenever possible can lead  to meaningful progress.

Question 15. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. Completely avoiding waste is unrealistic for most people due to societal systems and access limitations.

B. Single-use products are being phased out rapidly, so zero-waste living is now easily accessible to everyone.

C. Sustainable products are affordable for the majority, and bulk stores are widely available in all cities.

D. Most people can achieve a perfect zero-waste lifestyle if they plan their shopping carefully enough.

Question 16. Where in paragraph 4 does the following sentence best fit?

What proves to be more realistic, and potentially more impactful, is a focus on waste reduction.

        A. [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                                D. [IV]

Question 17. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as one of the examples of waste sources?

        A. Supermarkets                                        B. Composting services

        C. Online shopping                                        D. Medical care

Question 18. The word “collectively” in paragraph 4 mostly means ____________.

        A. temporarily                B. separately                        C. jointly                        D. individually

Question 19. The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

        A. consumption        B. composting                        C. the movement                D. the intention

Question 20. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

This absolute mindset can be counterproductive, discouraging broader participation in sustainable practices.

A. Believing completely in sustainable ideas will automatically lead to greater participation by everyone.

B. The stricter one is with sustainability, the easier it is for communities to adopt eco-friendly habits.

C. Thinking in absolute terms can backfire by discouraging more people from embracing sustainable actions.

D. Having high standards about sustainability usually makes individuals more eager to join environmental movements.

Question 21. According to the passage, the pressure to live a completely zero-waste lifestyle is mentioned as ____________.

        A. a sign that society is becoming more environmentally responsible

        B. a factor that may lead to guilt and discourage participation

        C. a reason why sustainable products have become cheaper

        D. a positive force that guarantees people will change their habits

Question 22. Which of the following is NOT stated as an example of actions encouraged by the zero-waste movement in the passage?

        A. Purchasing more single-use products                B. Shopping in bulk

        C. Composting food waste                                D. Using reusable containers

24. THPT CHUYÊN BẮC NINH 2025-2026 (LẦN 1)

 

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