tatrankhanhly1609 4/16/2024 6:28:15 AM

        There’s an ugly truth to the products we use and the foods we eat: many are made with palm oil, whose production is responsible for the rapid deforestation of some of the world’s most biodiverse forests, destroying the habitat of already endangered species. But now the biotech industry says it has come up with a solution – creating palm oil in a way that doesn’t involve destroying forests.

        “Over the last 30 years, 50% of palm oil plantation growth has come at the hands of deforestation of tropical forest and peatland,” says Shara Ticku, founder of C16 Biosciences, one of the biotech firms pioneering a synthetic, or lab-created, type of palm oil. “That is really the core of the problem we’re trying to solve.” The company’s research is still in a pre-commercial stage, but there has been significant interest. Earlier this year, it received a $$$$20m investment from Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a fund backed by billionaires like Bill Gates and Amazon’s Jeff Bezos.

        At C16 Biosciences, genetically-engineered microbes are used to convert food waste and industrial by-products into a product that is chemically very similar to natural palm oil. “It’s a yeast, we feed it sugars, then the yeast grows and they’re able to produce large amounts of oil within their cells, and we have to squeeze out that oil or extract it,” Ms Ticku says. This is how the firm’s synthetic palm oil is created. At the moment, the focus of C16 Biosciences is on creating a prototype, and getting feedback from companies that might choose to use it in their products.

        However, the challenges are substantial. To succeed commercially and at scale, the synthetic alternative must first be capable of mimicking natural palm oil’s versatility, making it a suitable replacement in everything from food to household products. Cost is obviously another issue. It is calculated that synthetic palm oil will be between two to three times more expensive than its natural version, and that’s the best scenario.

        Added to that are the doubts consumers in many markets have about eating anything that might contain an ingredient derived from genetically modified microbes. If these challenges are not overcome, a synthetic palm oil may only make a small dent in natural palm oil’s global production, especially considering that the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has estimated that consumption worldwide will rise to between 264 and 447 million tonnes by 2050.

        That, however, is not putting off C16 Bioscience’s Shara Ticku: “We believe that with our technology platform, at a scale of hundreds of thousands of kilograms annually, we will be cost competitive with palm oil. If we can get enough people to change then there is no longer any justified reason for burning forest to produce this vegetable oil, and that is a success.”

 (Adapted from bbc.com)

Question 44: Which best serves as the title for the passage?

        A. This Company Is Making Palm Oil In Their Own Lab, But How?

        B. A New Alternative To Palm Oil That Could Help Save Forests

        C. How Is Palm Oil So Useful But Destructive At The Same Time?

        D. Why This New Chemical Product Can Replace Palm Oil Soon

Question 45: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is TRUE about C16 Biosciences?

        A. It is trying to increase palm oil plantation growth without destroying forests.

        B. It is the first biotech company to conduct research on alternatives to palm oil.

        C. It will soon do research on the commercial stage thanks to financial support.

        D. It has already captured the attention of famous billionaires such as Bill Gates.

Question 46: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ___________.                         

        A. problem                   B. company                    C. stage                         D. interest

Question 47: How is C16 Biosciences’ synthetic palm oil produced, according to paragraph 3?

        A. Food waste or industrial by-products are genetically engineered to make large amounts of oil. 

        B. Microbes and sugars are used to help yeast produce large amounts of natural palm oil.

        C. Scientists directly extract oil from a product produced with genetically-engineered microbes.

        D. Oil is obtained from a type of yeast made from food waste and industrial by-products.

Question 48: The word “mimicking” in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by ___________.

        A. revitalizing              B. duplicating              C. imitating                D. impersonating

Question 49: The phrase “derived” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to __________.

        A. invented               B. isolated                      C. disconnected                 D. utilized

Question 50: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

        A. If we keep using palm oil, most species on the planet will go extinct due to habitat destruction.

        B. A synthetic palm oil will succeed commercially once it can be used in a wide variety of products.

        C. Consumers generally do not believe in products whose development involves genetic modification.

        D. Shara Ticku thinks that palm oil will no longer be produced when enough people change their minds.

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