D. seeing the benefits of renewable energy

Question 21:

1. Schools teach children about renewable energy through hands-on projects
2. Schools discourage students from learning about alternative energy solutions
3. Factories produce more pollution despite new environmental regulations
4. Fossil fuel companies invest heavily in blocking renewable energy education

Question 22:

1. Traditional gasoline vehicles provide better performance than modern alternatives

B. Electric vehicles charged with renewable energy produce zero emissions during operation

C. Renewable energy sources create more pollution than conventional power plants

D. Public transportation systems consume excessive amounts of fossil fuel resources

Read the following passage about Collaborative Consumption for a Sustainable Future and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The sharing economy represents a shift in how people access goods and services. Instead of buying products, consumers can borrow or rent items from others. Platforms like Airbnb let homeowners rent rooms to travelers, while car-sharing services allow vehicle owners to earn money when not using their cars. This approach reduces waste since fewer products need manufacturing. The sharing model works well for items that sit unused, such as tools or camping equipment.

Environmental benefits of sharing economies are substantial. When people share resources, fewer products are required, reducing manufacturing pollution. Each shared car can replace up to thirteen private vehicles, significantly cutting carbon emissions. Sharing platforms encourage reuse of existing goods rather than buying new ones. This extends the useful life of products that might otherwise be discarded, helping minimize landfill waste and conserve resources.

Financial advantages make sharing economies attractive to participants. Owners generate income from underutilized assets, while users save by paying only for what they need. Someone needing a drill for one project can rent instead of buying. A person with an empty driveway can rent the space to commuters. These transactions benefit both parties while promoting efficient resource use. Critics worry about job security for workers and safety regulations in these new arrangements.

The future of sharing economies looks promising as technology makes connections between owners and users easier. Mobile apps allow instant transactions between strangers with rating systems that build trust. Young consumers embrace these platforms, valuing experiences over ownership. As environmental concerns grow, more people see sharing resources as economical and responsible. Cities are adapting regulations to accommodate these business models while ensuring consumer protection and fair competition.

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of sharing economies?

1. Reducing waste from manufacturing
2. Generating income for asset owners
3. Improving public transportation infrastructure
4. Extending the useful life of products

Question 24: The word “unused” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. available                        B. accessible                        C. valuable                        D. utilized

Question 25: The word “significantly” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________.

1. dramatically                B. slightly                        C. occasionally                D. potentially

Question 26: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

1. owners                        B. users                        C. assets                        D. transactions

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Future economic systems will depend entirely on advanced technological developments
2. Sharing platforms are becoming popular mainly because of their sophisticated interfaces
3. Technological advances enable simpler interactions that will likely boost sharing economies
4. Digital connections between people are replacing traditional economic transactions globally

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Sharing economies benefit only wealthy homeowners who have extra space to rent
2. Most cities have banned sharing platforms due to safety regulation concerns
3. Young consumers prefer ownership over experiences in the modern economy
4. Each shared vehicle can potentially replace thirteen privately owned automobiles

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention sharing resources provides environmental benefits?

1. Paragraph 2                B. Paragraph 4                        C. Paragraph 1                D. Paragraph 3

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention what is one concern about sharing economies?

1. Paragraph 1                B. Paragraph 3                        C. Paragraph 2                D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage about the From Hashtags to Action and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

The digital revolution has given environmental activism a new lease on life, creating powerful tools for raising awareness and mobilizing support. Social media platforms enable environmental messages to spread globally within minutes. Hashtags like #ClimateAction help organize content and connect like-minded individuals across boundaries. Online petitions gather signatures worldwide, pressuring governments and corporations to adopt greener policies. Digital campaigns have successfully highlighted issues from plastic pollution to deforestation, bringing these concerns into mainstream conversation.

Young activists have embraced digital tools to amplify their environmental messages. [I] Teenage climate activists coordinate global strikes through social media, showing age is no barrier to impact. These digital natives create viral content that explains complex environmental issues accessibly. [II] They use infographics, videos, and personal stories to connect emotionally with audiences. [III] Critics argue online activism sometimes amounts to "slacktivism" - minimal-effort actions that make people feel good without creating change. [IV]

Environmental organizations have adapted strategies to incorporate digital elements while maintaining traditional approaches. Groups like Greenpeace combine real-world protests with online campaigns, creating a powerful combination. Organizations employ digital specialists who target messages to specific audiences and measure effectiveness. Crowdfunding platforms help raise money for conservation projects directly from supporters. These digital tools have democratized activism, allowing smaller organizations to compete alongside established players. Successful groups balance digital outreach with tangible action, recognizing tweets alone cannot solve the climate crisis.

The future of green activism will blend online and offline approaches in sophisticated ways. Virtual reality could allow people to experience environmental degradation firsthand, creating stronger emotional connections to distant problems. AI might help analyze data and predict where activism efforts would be most effective. However, the challenge remains converting digital engagement into real-world change. Successful movements will use digital tools to inform and organize people while channeling energy into concrete actions - from changing personal habits to demanding policy reforms. Digital activism serves as a gateway rather than endpoint for environmental progress.

Question 31: The phrase “a new lease on life” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _________.

1. picked up                        B. brought back                C. turned around                D. taken over

Question 32: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?

Despite criticisms, many young digital activists have proven they can walk the talk by organizing real-world protests.

1. [I]                                B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 33: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a digital tool used by environmental activists?

1. Blockchain technology
2. Social media hashtags
3. Online petitions
4. Virtual reality experiences

Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

1. Crowdfunding platforms have replaced conventional fundraising for conservation work
2. Environmental groups balance digital strategies with traditional activism approaches
3. Digital specialists are essential for environmental organizations to remain competitive
4. Smaller activist groups now dominate the environmental movement through technology

Question 35: The word “incorporate” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

1. integrate                        B. include                        C. exclude                        D. combine

Question 36: The word “These digital tools’ in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

1. Environmental organizations and traditional approaches
2. Real-world protests and online campaigns by Greenpeace
3. Digital specialists who target messages to specific audiences.
4. Social media, digital specialists, and crowdfunding platforms

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

1. Future activists will combine internet-based and real-world strategies in advanced manners
2. Environmental activism will eventually abandon traditional methods in favor of digital tools
3. Green movements will prioritize technological solutions over grassroots organizing efforts
4. Sophisticated technology will replace conventional activism in environmental campaigns

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

1. Digital activism alone is sufficient to solve major environmental challenges
2. Effective campaigns combine online outreach with tangible real-world actions
3. Young activists rely exclusively on social media rather than physical protests
4. Virtual reality is currently the most effective tool for environmental education

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

1. Traditional environmental activism methods are becoming increasingly obsolete
2. Digital engagement automatically translates into meaningful environmental change
3. Technology enhances activism but requires conversion into concrete offline action
4. Younger activists are more effective than established environmental organizations

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

1. Digital tools have completely transformed environmental activism by replacing traditional methods
2. Young activists are more effective than established organizations in creating environmental change
3. Virtual reality and artificial intelligence will soon solve the major challenges of climate activism
4. Digital technology enhances activism but must be combined with real-world action to be effective