A. will studied ancient civilizations throughout history have discovered remarkable architectural achievements

B. been documenting environmental changes since decades reported alarming ecosystem degradation patterns

C. who express their authentic gender identity often face criticism from older generations

D. which collaborate with international partners often creates innovative solutions for global challenges

Question 22:

A. Generation Z continues advocating for inclusive language and representation

B. Digital entrepreneurs transform traditional markets through innovative business strategies

C. Environmental scientists document climate impacts across vulnerable ecological communities

D. Political movements emphasize grassroots organizing over conventional campaign structures

Read the following passage about Finding Intergenerational Common Ground and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

The gap between generations has always existed, but today it seems wider than ever. Young people grow up with smartphones and social media, while older adults remember a time before the internet. This difference in experiences often creates misunderstandings. Younger generations may view older people as out-of-touch, while seniors might see youth as disrespectful or addicted to technology. However, these differences do not need to divide us. With effort and understanding, people of all ages can build meaningful connections.

Communication is the first step to bridging this gap. When younger and older generations talk openly, they can learn from each other's unique perspectives. Young people can share their knowledge of new technologies, helping seniors stay connected in the digital world. At the same time, older adults offer wisdom gained through years of experience. They can share stories about history, traditions, and life lessons that aren't taught in schools. These exchanges create respect and appreciation on both sides.

Shared activities also help build connections across age groups. Cooking traditional family recipes, playing board games, or working on community projects brings people together regardless of age. These activities create common experiences and memories that strengthen bonds. In many families, grandparents who spend time with their grandchildren develop special relationships that benefit everyone. The grandchildren receive attention and unconditional love, while grandparents feel valued and connected to younger generations.

When we move beyond stereotypes and truly listen to each other, we discover that different generations have much in common. We all want to be respected, to belong, and to make meaningful contributions to society. By focusing on these shared human needs rather than our differences, we can create stronger communities. The generational gap doesn't have to divide us – it can enrich our lives and help us grow together.

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to bridge the generational gap?

A. Taking formal educational courses together

B. Communication between younger and older generations

C. Participating in shared activities like cooking or games

D. Grandparents spending time with grandchildren

Question 24: The word “disrespectful” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A. rude                         B. indifferent                         C. dependent                        D. respectful

Question 25: The word “They” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A. young people                B. seniors                         C. older adults                        D. teachers

Question 26: The word “regardless” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.

A. because of                        B. similar to                        C. irrespective of                D. dependent on

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. By avoiding prejudice and communicating effectively, we realize that generational differences are largely superficial.

B. Through respectful dialogue and rejecting labels, we can teach all generations to appreciate their unique qualities.

C. If we acknowledge stereotypes but focus on dialogue, we may bridge some gaps between different age demographics.

D. When eliminating biased thinking and having genuine conversations, we find that age groups share many similarities.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Shared activities like cooking and board games create common experiences that strengthen bonds between generations.

B. Technology is exclusively responsible for widening the generational gap and cannot be used to bridge differences.

C. Older adults should focus on learning technology from youth rather than sharing their wisdom and life experiences.

D. The generational gap is primarily caused by young people's disrespect and older people's resistance to modern change.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention two-way communication benefits both younger and older generations?

A. Paragraph 1                B. Paragraph 2                        C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention how activities and shared experiences can connect different age groups?

A. Paragraph 1                B. Paragraph 2                        C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Read the following passage about the Generational Approaches to Social Change and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Throughout history, societies have changed in two main ways: through revolution or evolution. Revolutionary change happens quickly and often breaks with the past completely. People who want revolutionary change believe that sometimes you need to "turn the page" on old systems to create better ones. Young people often prefer this path because they are less connected to existing traditions. They see problems clearly and want fast solutions. Revolutionary change can bring big improvements quickly, but it can also cause confusion and conflict.

[I] On the other hand, evolutionary change is slow and builds on what already exists. [II] People who prefer this approach think that small steps over time lead to lasting change. Older generations usually favor evolution because they have invested time in current systems. [III] They worry about losing important traditions if change happens too fast. [IV] As the saying goes, "Rome wasn't built in a day," and supporters of this approach believe good societies develop gradually.

The gap between these two approaches often causes conflict between generations. Young people may see their parents and grandparents as too slow to accept new ideas, while older people may view youth as impatient and lacking wisdom. However, both approaches have their place in creating better societies. Sometimes a revolutionary push is needed to overcome serious problems like discrimination or environmental damage. Other times, careful evolution allows changes to become deeply rooted in a society's culture.

Most successful social movements actually combine both approaches. They may begin with revolutionary energy that challenges old thinking, then shift to evolutionary work that turns new ideas into lasting institutions. The civil rights movement, for example, had both revolutionary protests and patient legal work. When generations work together, they can balance the energy of youth with the experience of age. This partnership often creates the most effective and lasting social change. The key is for different generations to respect each other's strengths and find common ground in their shared goals.

Question 31: The phrase “turn the page” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _________.

A. break away from                B. look back on                C. move on from                D. hold onto

Question 32: Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?

While evolutionary change can be frustratingly slow, it often creates more stable results.

A. [I]                                B. [II]                                C. [III]                        D. [IV]

Question 33: According to the passage, which is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of evolutionary change?

A. It produces more stable results

B. It is typically favored by older generations

C. It develops through small steps over time

D. It requires complete consensus from all stakeholders

Question 34: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. Young people favor fast revolutionary changes while older generations prefer slower evolutionary progress, creating inevitable social tensions that prevent effective cooperation between age groups.

B. Generational conflicts arise from different change preferences, yet both revolutionary and evolutionary approaches have valid applications depending on specific societal challenges and desired outcomes.

C. Revolutionary change is best for addressing discrimination while evolutionary change helps establish cultural traditions, suggesting societies should alternate between these approaches at different historical periods.

D. Intergenerational disagreements about social change reflect fundamental philosophical differences, with youth focusing on theoretical ideals while elders prioritize practical implementations based on past experiences.

Question 35: The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.

A. young people                B. two approaches                C. generations                 D. new ideas

Question 36: The word “discrimination” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A. prejudice                         B. equality                         C. bias                         D. segregation

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Effective campaigns for social change typically integrate revolutionary intensity with evolutionary persistence rather than relying exclusively on either method.

B. Social movements generally succeed when they reject traditional approaches and develop innovative strategies that transcend the revolutionary-evolutionary dichotomy.

C. Revolutionary and evolutionary methods have historically competed within social movements, with the dominant approach determining the movement's ultimate effectiveness.

D. Movements seeking social transformation must prioritize revolutionary tactics initially but gradually transition to evolutionary methods as they gain popular support.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The civil rights movement exemplifies how successful social movements often combine revolutionary protests with patient legal work to create meaningful and lasting institutional change.

B. Revolutionary approaches always produce better results than evolutionary methods because they address societal problems more directly and create immediate institutional changes.

C. Generational conflict is necessary for social progress as it forces different age groups to defend their perspectives and ultimately strengthens the implementation of new ideas.

D. Young people typically prefer evolutionary change while older generations favor revolutionary approaches due to their different relationships with existing societal traditions and systems.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Societies that reject both revolutionary and evolutionary approaches are likely to experience cultural stagnation and fail to address critical social problems effectively.

B. Intergenerational cooperation that respects diverse perspectives on the pace of change leads to more balanced and sustainable social transformation.

C. Revolutionary approaches are fundamentally more important than evolutionary methods because they initiate the changes that evolutionary processes merely consolidate.

D. The civil rights movement succeeded primarily because its leadership deliberately separated protest activities from legal strategies to appeal to different segments of society.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Effective social change typically combines revolutionary and evolutionary approaches, beginning with challenging existing systems and then gradually institutionalizing new ideas through intergenerational cooperation and mutual respect.

B. Societies throughout history have alternated between revolutionary and evolutionary periods, with each approach dominating during different historical eras depending on the specific social challenges faced by populations.

C. Revolutionary change favored by youth and evolutionary change preferred by older generations each have distinct advantages, with revolution offering rapid transformation while evolution provides stability and cultural integration.

D. Generational conflict stems from fundamentally different worldviews about societal progress, with younger generations inherently valuing innovation and older populations intrinsically prioritizing tradition regardless of specific circumstances.