C. Mostly no one went to the meeting.

D. Not a single person went to the meeting.

Đáp án D

Hướng dẫn giải

Câu này đồng nghĩa với câu gốc “Nobody went to the meeting” (Không một ai đi họp). Tạm dịch: “Không có một ai đi họp.”

Câu 45:  

I wasn’t paying attention and I hit a car that stopped in front of me.

A. If I were paying attention, I wouldn’t hit a car that stopped in front of me.

B. If I had been paying attention, I wouldn’t hit a car that stopped in front of me.

C. If I had been paying attention, I wouldn’t have hit a car that stopped in front of me.

D. If I hadn’t been paying attention, I would have hit a car that stopped in front of me.

Đáp án C

Hướng dẫn giải

Đây là câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả giả định trái ngược trong quá khứ.

Tạm dịch: “Nếu tôi đã chú ý, tôi đã không đâm vào chiếc xe dừng trước mặt mình.

Question 46 – 52: Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.

        Obesity was traditionally defined as an increase in body weight that was greater than 20 percent of an individual’s ideal body weight—the weight associated with the lowest risk of death, as determined by certain factors, such as age, height, and gender. Based on these factors, overweight could then be defined as a 15–20 percent increase over ideal body weight. However, today the definitions of overweight and obesity are based primarily on measures of height and weight—not morbidity. These measures are used to calculate a number known as body mass index (BMI). This number, which is central to determining whether an individual is clinically defined as obese, parallels fatness but is not a direct measure of body fat. Interpretation of BMI numbers is based on weight status groupings, such as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese, that are adjusted for age and sex. For all adults over age 20, BMI numbers correlate to the same weight status designations; for example, a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 equates with overweight and 30.0 and above with obesity. Morbid obesity (also known as extreme, or severe, obesity) is defined as a BMI of 40.0 or higher.

        Obesity may be undesirable from an aesthetic sense, especially in parts of the world where slimness is the popular preference, but it is also a serious medical problem. Generally, obese persons have a shorter life expectancy; they suffer earlier, more often, and more severely from a large number of diseases than do their normal-weight counterparts. For example, people who are obese are also frequently affected by diabetes; in fact, worldwide, roughly 90 percent of type II diabetes cases are caused by excess weight. Obesity is also a significant cause of cancer; by 2018, overweight and obesity were responsible for about 1 in every 25 cancers diagnosed worldwide. In the United States, researchers found that the incidence of obesity-related cancer was increasing among relatively young adults aged 25 to 49.

        The association between obesity and the deterioration of cardiovascular health, which manifests in conditions such as diabetes and hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure), places obese persons at risk for accelerated cognitive decline as they age. Investigations of brain size in persons with long-term obesity revealed that increased body fat is associated with the atrophy (wasting away) of brain tissue, particularly in the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain. In fact, both overweight and obesity, and thus a BMI of 25 or higher, are associated with reductions in brain size, which increases the risk of dementia, the most common form of which is Alzheimer disease.

        Obese women are often affected by infertility, taking longer to conceive than normal-weight women, and obese women who become pregnant are at an increased risk of miscarriage. Men who are obese are also at increased risk of fertility problems, since excess body fat is associated with decreased testosterone levels. In general, relative to normal-weight individuals, obese individuals are more likely to die prematurely of degenerative diseases of the heart, arteries, and kidneys, and they have an increased risk of developing cancer. Obese individuals also have an increased risk of death from accidents and constitute poor surgical

risks. Mental health is affected; behavioral consequences of an obese appearance, ranging from

shyness and withdrawal to overly bold self-assertion, may be rooted in neuroses and psychoses.

(https://www.britannica.com/science/obesity)

Câu 46:  

What does the passage mainly about?

A. Health effects of being obesed.

B. Definition of obesity.

C. Different types of obesity.

D. How to determine if you are obesed or not.

Đáp án A

Hướng dẫn giải

Đoạn văn tập trung vào các ảnh hưởng sức khỏe của béo phì, nên đây là lựa chọn phù hợp nhất.

(shorter life expactancy, a large number of diseases, cardiovascular health…)

Tạm dịch: “Những ảnh hưởng sức khỏe của việc béo phì.”

Câu 47:  

According to paragraph 2, what is the word “aesthetic” closest in meaning to?

        A. Artificial.         B. Good-looking.         C. Medical.         D. Displeasing.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

“Aesthetic” trong ngữ cảnh này có nghĩa là đẹp hoặc liên quan đến vẻ ngoài hấp dẫn, đồng nghĩa với “good-looking”.

Tạm dịch: “đẹp mắt/ưa nhìn” – Béo phì là điều không mong muốn về mặt thẩm mỹ

Câu 48:  

In paragraph 2, what does the word “it” refer to?

        A. The world.         B. Popular preference.         C. Slimness.         D. Obesity.

Đáp án D

Hướng dẫn giải

Đại từ “it” ám chỉ “obesity” ở câu trước. Tạm dịch: “béo phì”

Câu 49:  

According to paragraph 4, what is NOT true about obese patients?

A. Obese people have a higher chance of cancer.

B. Only the woman’s fertility is affected.

C. Obesity patients have more risks when going under surgical procedures.

D. People who have obesity usually have mental problems.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Câu này không đúng vì đoạn văn nêu rõ rằng cả nam và nữ đều bị ảnh hưởng về khả năng sinh sản do béo phì. Tạm dịch: “Chỉ có khả năng sinh sản của phụ nữ bị ảnh hưởng.”

Câu 50:  

Ken is 21 years old, and his BMI is 35. According to the passage, Ken is __________.

        A. Underweight.         B. Healthy.         C. Overweight.         D. Obese.

Đáp án D

Hướng dẫn giải

Theo đoạn văn, BMI từ 30 trở lên được xem là béo phì. Với BMI 35, Ken được coi là béo phì.

Tạm dịch: “Béo phì”

Câu 51:  

Based on the passage, why might obesity increase the risk of dementia?

A. Obesity reduces the production of hormones that protect the brain.

B. Increased body fat leads to the deterioration of specific brain areas.

C. Obesity limits the brain's access to oxygen.

D. A high BMI decreases blood flow to the brain.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Theo đoạn 3, bài viết nói rằng mỡ thừa dẫn đến sự teo (thoái hóa) mô não ở một số khu vực nhất định, từ đó làm tăng nguy cơ mắc chứng mất trí nhớ.

Tạm dịch: “Mỡ thừa dẫn đến sự thoái hóa của các khu vực não nhất định.”

Câu 52:

Why might obese individuals face higher surgical risks compared to normal-weight individuals?

A. Their organs are more prone to damage during surgery.

B. Obesity complicates surgical procedures and recovery.

C. Their blood pressure is too unstable for surgery.

D. Obese individuals cannot tolerate anesthesia well.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Trong đoạn cuối, bài viết đề cập rằng béo phì làm phức tạp quy trình phẫu thuật và quá trình phục hồi, khiến rủi ro cao hơn.

Tạm dịch: “Béo phì làm phức tạp các thủ tục phẫu thuật và quá trình hồi phục.”

Question 53 – 60: Read the passage carefully. Choose an option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.

        Deforestation, the large-scale clearing of forests, is one of the most critical environmental issues facing the world today. Forests are vital to maintaining the Earth's ecological balance by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, regulating temperatures, and providing habitats for countless species. However, excessive deforestation for agriculture, urbanization, and industrial purposes has caused severe consequences.

        One of the most significant impacts of deforestation is its contribution to climate change. Trees act as carbon sinks, absorbing vast amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere. When forests are destroyed, this carbon is released back into the air, exacerbating global warming. Additionally, the loss of tree cover disrupts local weather patterns, often leading to desertification and more frequent natural disasters like floods and droughts.

        Deforestation also poses a direct threat to biodiversity. Forests are home to about 80% of terrestrial animals, plants, and fungi. When their habitats are destroyed, countless species face extinction. For example, the orangutan population in Southeast Asia has declined drastically due to deforestation for palm oil plantations. This loss of biodiversity not only impacts ecosystems but also threatens human livelihoods, particularly those of indigenous communities that depend on forests for survival.

        Beyond environmental and ecological impacts, deforestation has social and economic consequences. The removal of forests can lead to soil erosion, reducing agricultural productivity in the long term. Moreover, deforestation affects water cycles, depleting water resources essential for farming and drinking. In some cases, it displaces communities, forcing people to migrate in search of new livelihoods, which can lead to social unrest.

        Despite these challenges, there is hope if swift actions are taken. Governments and organizations worldwide are implementing policies to combat deforestation, such as promoting sustainable farming practices, reforestation projects, and stricter regulations on logging. Public awareness and education are also essential in reducing the demand for products that contribute to deforestation, such as certain types of paper and non-sustainable palm oil.

Câu 53:  

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Deforestation is necessary for economic growth.

B. Deforestation has severe environmental, social, and economic consequences.

C. Efforts to stop deforestation have been largely successful.

D. Climate change is the only result of deforestation.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Toàn bộ đoạn văn thảo luận về những tác động tiêu cực của nạn phá rừng đối với môi trường, đa dạng sinh học và xã hội.

Tạm dịch: “B. Phá rừng gây ra những hậu quả nghiêm trọng về môi trường, xã hội và kinh tế.”

Câu 54:  

In paragraph 2, what does “this carbon” refer to?

        A. The carbon stored in the trees.         B. The carbon released by factories.

        C. The carbon absorbed by oceans.         D. The carbon produced by animals.

Đáp án A

Hướng dẫn giải

Đoạn văn nói rằng: “When forests are destroyed, this carbon is released back into the air.” Cho thấy lượng carbon lưu trữ trong cây trước khi bị chặt

Tạm dịch: “Lượng carbon được lưu trữ trong cây.”

Câu 55:  

According to the passage, how does deforestation affect biodiversity?

A. It forces animals to migrate to urban areas.

B. It leads to the extinction of species by destroying habitats.

C. It increases the availability of resources for animals.

D. It encourages the growth of new species.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Trong đoạn 3, đoạn văn đề cập rằng nạn phá rừng phá hủy môi trường sống, khiến các loài phải đối mặt với nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

Tạm dịch: “Nó dẫn đến sự tuyệt chủng của các loài bằng cách phá hủy môi trường sống.”

Câu 56:  

In paragraph 4, what does the word “displaces” most likely mean?

        A. Resettles people.                 B. Forces people to leave their homes.

        C. Protects communities.         D. Brings people together.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Từ “displaces” được sử dụng trong ngữ cảnh người dân buộc phải di cư do nạn phá rừng.

Tạm dịch: “Buộc người dân rời bỏ nhà cửa.”

Câu 57:  

Why does deforestation increase the risk of natural disasters?

        A. It removes trees that act as natural barriers.         B. It prevents rainfall in affected areas.

        C. It increases soil fertility.         D. It encourages excessive plant growth.

Đáp án A

Hướng dẫn giải

Đoạn 2 giải thích rằng nạn phá rừng làm gián đoạn các kiểu thời tiết và dẫn đến lũ lụt và hạn hán vì cây cối giúp điều tiết các quá trình tự nhiên này.

Tạm dịch: “Nó loại bỏ cây cối vốn là hàng rào tự nhiên.”

Câu 58:  

How does deforestation affect indigenous communities?

A. It improves their living standards.

B. It deprives them of necessary resources.

C. It provides them with more land to cultivate.

D. It helps them modernize their practices.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Đoạn 3 đề cập rằng các cộng đồng bản địa sống dựa vào rừng để sinh tồn và nạn phá rừng đe dọa nơi sống của họ. Tạm dịch: “Nó tước đi các nguồn tài nguyên cần thiết của họ.”

Câu 59:  

In paragraph 5, the word “promoting” most likely means:

        A. Supporting.         B. Ignoring.         C. Preventing.         D. Eliminating.

Đáp án A

Hướng dẫn giải

Bối cảnh cho thấy đoạn văn ủng hộ các biện pháp canh tác bền vững, phù hợp với ý nghĩa của “promoting” Tạm dịch: “Hỗ trợ.”

Câu 60:  

Based on the passage, what is the most effective way to combat deforestation?

A. Relying on reforestation projects alone.

B. Combining policies, education, and sustainable practices.

C. Completely banning all forms of logging.

D. Allowing deforestation in urban areas only.

Đáp án B

Hướng dẫn giải

Đoạn 5 nhấn mạnh rằng việc chống phá rừng đòi hỏi sự kết hợp của nhiều chiến lược, bao gồm chính sách, trồng rừng và giáo dục.

Tạm dịch: “Kết hợp chính sách, giáo dục và các thực hành bền vững.”